Application of canonical correspondence analysis to determine the ecological contribution of phytoplankton to PCBs bioaccumulation in Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China

Abstract

The distribution and interactions of phytoplankton and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated using canonical correspondence analysis in autumn in the Qinhuai River, Nanjing, China. Concentrations of PCBs in water and algal samples ranged from 33.78 to 144.84 ng/L and from 0.21 to 19.66 ng/L (0.06 to 3.04 ng/mg biomass), respectively. The predominant residual species of PCBs in water samples were tri- through hexachlorobiphenyls, and the predominant residuals in algae were tri-, tetra-, and heptachlorobiphenyls. The degree of eutrophication affected phytoplankton composition and PCB bioaccumulation, and led to sample site- and algal species specificity of PCB residues in the study area. Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta, and Euglenophyta had strong capacities to take up PCBs, whereas Cyanophyta was less involved in the transfer of these compounds. Bioaccumulation of PCBs by algae may be affected by water quality, chlorination, phytoplankton composition, and the structure of the PCBs and the algal cell walls.

Understanding the Ecological Response of Planktic and Benthic Epipelic Algae to Environmental Factors in an Urban Rivers System

“…The importance of environmental factors in affecting the distribution of algae (In, n represents different environmental factors) was calculated by the equation: In = (11 − Cn)/10, the value of In ranged from 0 to 1. The bigger the value is, the more important it is [55].…”

“…Chlorophyll a (Chl-a concentration was measured in samples filtered on a Whatman GF/F filter (47 mm diameter), extracted in 90% acetone overnight after digestion with a glass rod and determined spectrophotometrically using an UV/Vis Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Lambda 40, Norwalk, CT, USA) [54]. All the analysis methods carried out in this paragraph were used successfully in other similar studies for water quality indexes or other indexes with different purposes [17,[52][53][54][55]…”

Farming Practices for Reducing Ammonia Emissions in Polish Agriculture

“…The leading element deciding on the choice of the method was the willingness to understand the structure of the multidimensional data set and the discovery of key, co-occurring groups of categories in the area of applied practices and the characteristics of respondents (personal and attributes of their farms). In the literature on the subject, this method has been used many times to analyze the behavior of farmers, adaptation of new solutions in agribusiness in the context of environmental variables [39][40][41][42].…”

The responding and ecological contribution of biofilm-leaves of submerged macrophytes on phenanthrene dissipation in sediments

“…Artificial plant biofilms could be scraped directly with a sterile scalpel. (Hussain et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2014) Sediment samples: 5.0 g of lyophilization sediment samples and 2.0 g anhydrous sodium sulfates were mixed and soaked in 15 mL extractant agent (hexane / acetone = 2/1, v/v) for 1 h in 50 mL glass centrifuge tube, and processed 10 min ultrasonic extraction.…”