Application of Carbon Sorbents for the Concentration and Separation of Metal Ions

Abstract

Solid-phase extraction is an attractive approach in the preparation of many kinds of samples prior to analysis; highly selective sorbents are desirable for this purpose. The objective of this review is to provide updated information about carbon-based sorbents, their interaction modes and potential application for the concentration and separation of metal ions from environmental samples prior to their determination. New selective phases such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes are described. Selected examples illustrate the potential of these sorbents.

Solid Phase Extraction to On-Line Preconcentrate Trace Cadmium Using Chemically Modified Nano-Carbon Black with 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane

“…The carbonaceous nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 7,[16][17][18] fullerene, 19 activated carbons 1,12,20 and graphene, 21 show interesting properties as adsorbent for metal ions due to its structure, mechanical (high resistance) and chemical properties and large surface area. In spite of these properties, the search for alternative and low cost nano-carbonaceous material with similar properties has been increasingly investigated.…”

Fullerenes: Synthesis and Applications

“…(Where dba represents dibenzylideneacetone and cad represents cycloocta-1, 5-diene), the reaction of fullerene C 60 with either of these spacer groups results in the displacement of the ligands (dba or cad) to form insoluble PtC 60 (Nagashima et al, 1993;Fedurco, Costa, Balch, & Fawcett, 1995;Alvarez, Wilson, Mackeyev, & Lee, 2009). These redox-active fullerene based polymers can also be produced by electrochemical reduction of fullerenes under cathodic conditions, here they are usually formed or produced as polymer films on an electrode when C 60 O is reduced (Pyrzynska, 2007).…”

Separation/Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Palladium Using Modified Alumina Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles Without Chelating Agent

“…Palladium is widely used in metallurgy, in various chemical syntheses, production of dental alloys, heat and corrosion resistance apparatus, medicinal devices, jewelry manufacture, electronic, telephone circuits and electrodes for high quality spark plugs [1][2][3] . This noble metal is a metal of economic importance; however, as a new pollutant in the environment, all its compounds should be regarded as highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans 4 .…”