Application of Cavitation in Oil Processing: An Overview of Mechanisms and Results of Treatment

Abstract

The integrated effect on homogeneous and heterophase liquids that can be used for technological purposes has drawn the attention of researchers in various sciences. Cavitation impact on oil is among the efficient methods of intensifying chemical–technological, hydromechanical, and mass-exchange processes and the destruction of substances. This work reviews in detail and analyzes the mechanisms of impact and application of cavitation in various processes in the petroleum industry, including the refining processes, that are associated with crude oil and petroleum waste, such as reduction of viscosity, demulsification, desulfurization, and improvement of quality of heavy oil and petroleum refinery products, including oil sludge and waste oil-containing water.

Investigating the Rheology and Stability of Heavy Crude Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using APG08 Emulsifiers

“…The fundamental features of heavy crude oils are high viscosity, high density, and heavy components, distinguishing them from conventional light oils . However, due to the high viscosity and complex composition of heavy crude oil, it is subject to many technical difficulties during production, transportation, and refining processes. , Thus, the key to solving these difficulties is to reduce the high viscosity of heavy crude oil …”

Scale-up disaggregation of palygorskite crystal bundles via ultrasonic process for using as potential drilling fluid

“…Ultrasonic wave is a high frequency (above 20 kHz) and short-wavelength (even a few micrometers) sound wave with good directionality, strong penetrability, and concentrated energy [20] , [21] . When ultrasonic wave propagates in a medium, especially in a liquid medium and heterogeneous phases interfaces, a series of spectacular cavitation phenomena occur continuously and locally on a micro-scale, such as extremely high local temperature and pressure, high shear stress near the bubble wall, and micro-jets near the solid surface caused by asymmetric collapse of bubble and turbulence [22] , [23] , [24] . The ultrasonic process has been widely used in many fields such as cleaning [25] , welding [26] , fine chemicals, and others [27] .…”

Impact of Hydrodynamic Cavitation on the Properties of Coal-Water Fuel: An Experimental Study

“…Cavitation is considered a green technology because it makes it possible to avoid excessive use of toxic compounds, replacing them for more environmentally safe solvents, and in a number of cases to completely avoid application of chemical additives. 16 The processes involving cavitation are specified by improved reaction conditions and selectivity, no formation of toxic sediment, and reduced energy for chemical transformations. 17 In ref 18, the authors note that hydrodynamic cavitation used at the stage of preparing the water-coal fuel from brown coal with a solid fraction content of 50% makes it possible to produce slurry that is stable for 1 week.…”

“…Hydrodynamic cavitation arises in rotor-stator machines when local pressure in a liquid decreases to the threshold pressurethe pressure of the liquid vapor at operating temperature due to high liquid velocity. Cavitation is considered a green technology because it makes it possible to avoid excessive use of toxic compounds, replacing them for more environmentally safe solvents, and in a number of cases to completely avoid application of chemical additives . The processes involving cavitation are specified by improved reaction conditions and selectivity, no formation of toxic sediment, and reduced energy for chemical transformations …”

“…Cavitation is considered a green technology because it makes it possible to avoid excessive use of toxic compounds, replacing them for more environmentally safe solvents, and in a number of cases to completely avoid application of chemical additives. 16 The processes involving cavitation are specified by improved reaction conditions and selectivity, no formation of toxic sediment, and reduced energy for chemical transformations. 17 …”