Application of chelating ion exchange resins for trace element analysis of geological samples using x-ray fluorescence

Abstract

abundance for any one permutation formula is larger than that for the original formula, the mass of the permutation formula is computed, and a check is made to determine the existence of an ion corresponding to that mass in the spectrum. If the ion corresponding to the more abundant permutation formula is not found, the less abundant original formula is rejected. In other words, if any one of the permutations which are more abundant is not found, the formula is unsatisfactory.The final printed output is shown in Table V for the same trichloroaniline spectrum as in Tables I and III.The columns give the observed mass of the ion, its intensity in per cent of tallest peak, the number of rings and double bonds for the formula, the ppm error between the observed mass and the mass calculated for the formula, and the formula. The ppm error averages 5-10 ppm, but worst-case error runs as high as 30-40 ppm. It is expected that this will improve when vibration is eliminated from the instrument, but a tolerance of 50 ppm between the formula and the observed mass is being used until then. It should be noted that even with a 50-ppm tolerance in the mass, most of the ions correspond to only one formula. Only one formula is given for the molecular ion at mass 194.93779. That formula is H4C6NCI3 which is correct for the sample, trichloroaniline. Peaks can be observed at 159.96703 corresponding to p-Cl; at 125.00142 corresponding to p-2Cl; and at 90.03779 corresponding to p-3Cl. The structure of the compound is well represented in the formulas derived as a final result of the data reduction. ACKNOWLEDGMENTWe wish to thank Paul Bender and his staff for their efforts and cooperation in the development of this work and Milt Levenberg of Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, 111., for his valuable advice and comments on various aspects of the approach to obtaining meaningful data.

Synthesis of new chelating ion exchange resins derived from guaran and divinylbenzene styrene copolymer for selective adsorption of metal ions

“…They have been reported for their extensive use in separation and concentration of metal ions [8][9][10][11][12] .They are useful in mineral processing industries as float aids, depressants, flocculants and collectors. Chelax 100 has been reported to be extensively used .Chelax 100 resin (styrene divinylbenzenecopolymer containing iminodiacetic acid) is used for preconcentration and separation of rare earth and heavy metals in pH range of 6-8 but they exhibit the disadvantage that the affinity of resins for alkaline earth metal is similar to that of transition ions.…”

The synthesis, characterization, and application of chelating ion-exchange resins

“…And, it has a relatively high affinity for calcium (II) and magnesium (II), that of calcium (II) being equal to that of zinc (II) (20,26,32,92).…”

“…It has been usea in studies of food extracts (21), brines (22,23), Industrial waste water (l8, 24), sea water (25)(26)(27)(28)(29) and others (30)(31)(32). However, this is a gel-type resin which undergoes pronounced shrinking and swelling and has rather slow kinetics.…”

“…Koster and Schmuckler (39) developed an isothiouronium resin, SRXL, that has been used for recovery of gold and platinum metals (32,40,41). Myasoedova, Savvin, and co workers (42)(43)(44)) studied a number of resins for the concen tration of gold and platinum metals and their separation from other transition metals.…”

Characterization and analytical application of an α-hydroxy oxime resin for chromatography

“…and for the determination of low levels of cadmium in foods (86). Chelex 100 has been used as a medium for concentrating traces of some elements and, subsequently, as a sample matrix for the determination of those elements by X-ray fluorescence (87,88).…”