Application of chemometrics to analysis of soil pollutants

Mostert, Marietjie; Ayoko, Godwin A.; Kokot, Serge

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2010.02.009

Cited by 211 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…PAHs are organic environmental contaminants formed during incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas (Galarneau 2008;Ravindra et al 2008;Mostert et al 2010). They represent a large group of organic compounds with two or more fused aromatic (benzene) rings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low molecular weight PAHs (two and three rings) occur predominantly in the vapor phase in the atmosphere, whereas multi-ringed PAHs (five rings or more) are largely bound to particles. Intermediate molecular weight PAHs (four rings) are partitioned between the vapor and particulate phases, depending on the atmospheric temperature (Ravindra et al 2008;Mostert et al 2010). Atmospheric PAHs are continuously deposited to the soil by dry or wet deposition processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other PAHs are from more distant sources and have been carried various distances through the air. Furthermore, PAHs can be added to soils with materials containing these compounds (composts, biochar, spills from agricultural machinery) (Galarneau 2008;Mostert et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

et al. 2018

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Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the mutual relations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) originated from atmospheric emissions and enzymatic activity and humic substances in soils at differently urbanized area, on an example of the Lublin city, east Poland. Materials and methods The chosen areas represented three differently urbanized environments: old tenement houses and modern residential blocks, mixture of different building and rural landscape, and typical rural environment with smallholding farms, respectively. On each of the urban, suburban, and rural areas, one representative plot was chosen on fallow lands classified as luvisol derived from loess. The soil samples were collected from the top 25 cm layer. The following properties were determined: pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, humic and fulvic acids, PAHs content (14 PAHs from US EPA list), and the activities of the following enzymes: dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkane phosphatase, protease, and urease. Results and discussion Higher contents of organic C and total N were found in the rural soil samples. The share of humic acid was similar in all soils investigated, ranging from 19.38 to 25.27%, while fulvic acid values differ significantly between urban and rural areas. The urban soils indicated much lower share of fulvic acids (9.78-10.99%) than those of rural (29.02-29.32%). Consequently, the values of the C HA :C FA ratio of the urban soil were approximately two times higher than those of the rural soil. The results showed that both the rate of humification and the activity of dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and proteases in the soils increased in the following sequence: urban < suburban < rural. Conclusions The results showed that an increase of PAHs in the urbanized areas affect other soil properties. The phenanthrene/ anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene ratios pointed to coal combustion as the principal source of PAHs in the investigated soils. The PAH content in the urbanized area inhibit humification processes in the soil and the activity of dehydrogenases, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and proteases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

et al. 2018

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“…There are major difficulties in obtaining accurate estimations of the origin of the PAHs, due to the complex mixtures of individual PAHs released to the environment from different sources of emission that may be localized within a specific geographical area. This makes the quantification and the linkage of the PAHs with a given source particularly challenging (Mostert et al, 2010), although some methods like molecular ratios assessment were proposed (Yunker et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine needles and socio-geographic parameters

Fernández-Varela

Ratola

Alves

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Management

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The ability of pine needles to capture polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the surrounding air is well known. In this work the current knowledge of this affinity will be enhanced, investigating the plausible links between the concentrations of PAHs found in pine needles collected in different sites in Portugal, and several socio-geographic variables with environmental relevance. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has proven to be a suitable and innovative technique to look for relationships within environmental datasets. In the current work, CCA will simultaneously include chemical information (concentration of PAHs found in pine needles) and socio-geographic information associated to the sampling areas. In order to be more robust in these conclusions, Pinus pinea and Pinus pinaster species were considered separately, allowing an accurate direct comparison between them. The information concerning the different seasons and land occupation was also taken into account. Our results demonstrate how CCA can be a useful tool in environmental impact assessment, and highlight the importance of pine needles as trustful biomonitors of the influence of socio-geographic parameters on the levels of PAHs in a given area.

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“…3) (Department of the Environment 1998, Imray & Langley 2001). Consequently, urban authorities have taken steps to limit metal contamination in such public recreational spaces (Mostert et al 2010). But threshold values for Pb and Cd are less restricted than Polish standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban soil contamination with lead and cadmium in the playgrounds located near busy streets in Cracow (South Poland)

Aleksander-Kwaterczak

Rajca²

2015

geol

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Abstract:The pollution of urban soil with heavy metals caused by traffic activity is increasingly becoming a great threat to human health and environmental quality. This paper presents results of research of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) distribution in land on playgrounds situated near busy streets in Cracow (Poland). Samples of sand and soil were collected from the most top layer (0-10 cm). Concentrations of examined metals are: Pb from 6.80 to 54.04 mg/kg and Cd from 1.60 to 2.61 mg/kg, respectively. The highest concentrations were found in sampling points near the busiest roads, and are particularly visible in the case of lead concentration in soil samples. For sand samples, metal concentrations are much lower. Although the results have not determined a high degree of soil's contamination, they indicate the problem of the children's exposure to toxic metals. Urban soil should be monitored particularly in such special places as playgrounds.

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Application of chemometrics to analysis of soil pollutants

Cited by 211 publications

References 83 publications

Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

Mutual relations between PAHs derived from atmospheric deposition, enzymatic activity, and humic substances in soils of differently urbanized areas

Relationship between levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pine needles and socio-geographic parameters

Urban soil contamination with lead and cadmium in the playgrounds located near busy streets in Cracow (South Poland)

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