This paper mainly focuses on exploring the connection between nanotechnology and drug delivery systems, and how these two can be combined to promote a better response. Nanomaterials are one of the most popular topics nowadays, and drug delivery systems with the help of nanomaterials will have many benefits and drawbacks. Through research, it is hopeful to address these issues to build up a safer drug delivery system. With the development of the biopharmaceutical industry and the rapid iteration of innovative drugs, the problem of insufficient utilization of drug components in the human body has always existed. Nanocarriers help drug molecules enter the body and be transported to the targeted sites in an accurate manner at the right time, improving the efficiency of drug utilization in the human body. To load drugs onto drug carriers, a series of emerging nanotechnology systems are needed. Nano drug delivery systems can increase drug solubility, alter drug distribution within the body, and improve drug targeting, thereby improving treatment efficacy and reducing the incidence of adverse reactions.