Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of PBL teaching methodology in clinical teaching of vascular surgery. Methods: A total of 60 interns in the vascular surgery department of our hospital during the period of January 2022 to January 2023 were randomly divided into a control group (n=30) receiving conventional teaching and an observation group (n=30) receiving PBL teaching. The two groups were compared in terms of operation scores and theoretical grades of the vascular surgery interns, satisfaction of teaching, excellent rate of teaching, team cohesion scores before and after teaching, and critical thinking ability scores before and after teaching. Results: The operation scores and theoretical grades of the interns in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); the satisfaction of teaching among the interns in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); the excellent rate of teaching among the interns in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05); before teaching, the team cohesion scores of the two groups were comparable (P>0.05), but after teaching, the team cohesion scores of the interns in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); before teaching, the critical thinking ability scores of the two groups were comparable (P>0.05), but after teaching, the critical thinking ability scores of the interns in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of PBL teaching methodology in clinical teaching of vascular surgery can enhance the teaching effectiveness, help interns develop critical thinking ability, and is worthy of promotion.