With the vigorous development of higher education in China, many universities have made great progress in various indicators in recent years. As the number of college students increases year by year, the effect of instruction in the classroom is especially important. The high quality of teaching directly affects the efficiency of students’ listening to lectures, and more and more universities are receiving attention. However, the traditional dance classroom education and the one-to-many education model cannot adapt to the development trend of higher art education under the changes of the times and cannot effectively guarantee the quality of classroom education. The development of wireless sensor networks provides practical and feasible technical solutions for the development of dance education systems. Compared with general detection methods, image sensors can provide more real-time and more intuitive on-site information and wirelessly send image information to user terminals. This article describes the classic feature extraction algorithm and proposes a new feature extraction algorithm based on chart filling. The effectiveness of each algorithm is verified through several data sets. Image recognition is carried out by computer, including from computer to image processing, through the computer to recognize objects and various different modes of the target technology. The identification process usually includes several steps. First, the preprocessing of the image is required, then the segmentation of the image is performed, and then the feature extraction and matching are performed. In layman’s terms, image recognition hopes to imitate the human heart to read photos. By applying the image recognition technology to the dance education system, changes in the methods and forms of dance education can be stimulated.