Application of computers for hospital usage

Vallbona, Carlos

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(66)90120-2

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…They developed computer programs for the automatic computation of results, and the computer printout of reports. They also developed an online computer program to calculate the fl uid and electrolyte needs of critically ill patients [ 42 ]. In the second half of the 1960s, their monitoring system was an integral part of their TIRR HIS.…”

Section: Intensive Care Unit Information Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized High-Intensity Clinical Settings: A Brief Review

Collen¹,

Ball

2015

Health Informatics

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In the early 1960s, some medical centers began to develop intensive care unit (ICU) information systems to monitor critically ill patients. These used a combination of devices to obtain measurements and derive variables. One generated a severity index to guide treatment and compute the probability of survival; another saved data to use in analysis and educational simulations. Studies of the clinical effectiveness of such systems were mixed, despite fi ndings that variations in hospital death rates were associated with variations in care processes. While few hospitals had emergency department (ED) subsystems installed by the end of the 1980s, some participated in community emergency medical systems that routed patients to hospitals for treatment. Despite progress in intervening years, recent studies fi nd that both settings face continued challenges. The data-intensive ICU faces interoperability issues arising from incompatible piece of monitoring equipment. For the ED, exchange of patient information from other settings remains diffi cult and evidence as to the impact of health information technology remains limited.Keywords Intensive care unit information system s • Emergency department information system s • Specialized information system s • Interoperability • Clinical effectiveness • Medical device s • Community emergency medical system s Two hospital settings have an undeniable hold on the mass media and the public imagination: the intensive care unit (ICU) and the emergency department (ED). Both of these specialized high-intensity environments rely on health information technology (IT) and an array of health informatics applications to treat patients who are severely ill or injured and potentially at risk of death. Beyond those commonalities, there are signifi cant differences. The ICU treats critically ill patients transferred in from other care settings; the ED admits patients from the community to treat

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Section: Intensive Care Unit Information Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized High-Intensity Clinical Settings: A Brief Review

Collen¹,

Ball

2015

Health Informatics

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“…The role that computers may play in enhancing the efficient documentation and effective flow of information has been under investigation at the Institute and Baylor College of Medicine since 1959 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The present stage of this investigation centers around the TIRR Information System (TIRRIS), monitored by the Baylor College of Medicine Teleprocessing System (1).…”

Section: Tagliche Behandlungsplanung Mittels Eines On-line Zuganglichmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Treatment Planning with an On-Line Shared Computer System

Gotcher¹,

Carrick²,

Vallbona³

et al. 1969

Methods Inf Med

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For six months the treatment plans of an average of 30 patients have been scheduled through the use of remote terminals on-line to a computer. Updated schedules of the treatment plan for each patient, department, and nursing unit have been produced daily and are used by the physicians, departmental directors, allied health professionals, and supportive personnel. A preliminary assessment of the usefulness of the system has indicated that it has: (a) assisted personnel in coordination and implementation of the required treatment plan, (b) provided an effective method of analysis of the total care program, (c) improved utilization of space and personnel, (d) helped the patients gain a better understanding of their care program, and (e) provided an excellent teaching tool and valuable resources for research and cost analysis.

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The Early History of Hospital Information Systems for Inpatient Care in the United States

Collen¹,

Miller

2015

Health Informatics

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In the 1960s, large hospital systems began to acquire mainframe computers, primarily for business and administrative functions. In the 1970s, lower-cost, minicomputers enabled placement of smaller, special purpose clinical application systems in various hospital departments. Early time-sharing applications used display terminals located at nursing stations. In the 1960s and 1970s, a small number of pioneering institutions, many of them academic teaching hospitals with federal funding, developed their own hospital information systems (HISs). Vendors then acquired and marketed some of the successful academic prototypes. In the 1980s, widespread availability of local area networks fostered development of large HISs with advanced database management capabilities, generally using a mix of large mini-and microcomputers linked to large numbers of clinical workstations and bedside terminals. When federal funding for HIS development diminished in the mid-1990s, academic centers decreased, and commercial vendors increased their system development efforts. Interoperability became a main design requirement for HISs and for electronic patient record (EPR) systems. Beyond 2010, open system architectures and interconnection standards hold promise for full interchange of information between multi-vendor HISs and EPR systems and their related subsystems.In 1962, the American Hospital Association surveyed more than 7,000 registered hospitals regarding their usage of computer data processing applications. They found that only 7 % of hospitals used data processing equipment. Fewer than 1 % of smaller hospitals (<100 beds) used computer data processing, and 33 % of larger hospitals (at least 500 beds) used it. Among hospitals with electronic data processing capabilities, 63 % used it for payroll, 53 % for inventory control, and 44 % for patient billing. Only 28 % of such hospitals used data processing for patients' medical records; and 14 % used it for medical research [ 61 ].During the 1960s and 1970s, most American HISs focused on automation of hospital administrative services. Ball [ 6 ] categorized the earliest (1960s) operational HISs as the First Generation Level-1 HIS. These encompassed a basic set of inpatient-oriented computer applications, including: an ADT (admission-dischargetransfer) application with bed status and census reporting; an order/requisition entry, communication, and charge collection application; and an inquiry application for today's charges for demand bill purposes. Ball characterized changes in the 1970s as Second Generation Level-1 systems, with enhancements that included: computer-assigned patient identifi cation; nursing order-set entry, nursing notes and care plans, medication schedules and medication monitoring; laboratory-specimen collection lists and labels; order entry and results reporting; scheduling for patients, radiology procedures, and the operating room; medical records indexing, abstracts, and chart locations; diet-list preparation; utilization review; and doctors' registries. An advanced ...

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Application of computers for hospital usage

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Specialized High-Intensity Clinical Settings: A Brief Review

Specialized High-Intensity Clinical Settings: A Brief Review

Daily Treatment Planning with an On-Line Shared Computer System

The Early History of Hospital Information Systems for Inpatient Care in the United States

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