Application of confocal X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy to the investigation of paint layers

Sun, Tao; Liu, Zhiguo; Wang, Guangfu; Ma, Yongzhong; Peng, Song; Sun, Weiyuan; Li, Fangzuo; Sun, Xuepeng; Ding, Xunliang

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.019

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…On the contrary, CT used digital geometry processing to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of one or two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation (Mathiassen et al, 2011). X-ray is widely used for many applications such as construction, for example, cement inspection and crack detection (Garboczi, 2002;Wang, Frost, Voyiadjis, & Harman, 2003), to detect tumors and bone crack for medical application (Bandyopadhyay, Biswas, & Bhattacharya, 2016;Meinel et al, 2014), painting analysis (Debastiani et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2014) as well as food industry, for example, quality control (Haff & Toyofuku, 2008;Nicolaï et al, 2014) and characterization (Mousavi, Miri, Cox, & Fryer, 2005;Schoeman, Williams, Plessis, & Du Manley, 2016). X-ray has an edge in detecting food contamination as its ray has a stronger penetrating power.…”

Section: X-raymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive techniques for detection of foreign bodies in food: A review

Khairi

Ibrahim

Yunus

et al. 2018

J Food Process Engineering

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Foreign body in food is a matter of concern in food industry as it determines the safety and quality of the product. This issue leads to anxiety as it is hazardous if it is accidentally being consumed. Therefore, foreign body detection is urgently needed. Noninvasive techniques are attractive as they can be used to evaluate without altering the originality of the food products in terms of ingredient and structure. With the growing interest in this subject, this article reviews the development of noninvasive techniques including X‐ray, thermal imaging, near‐infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, ultrasonic, and terahertz. The principle and application of each technique are elaborated. The performances and limitations from previous studies in several types of food applications are analyzed. In addition, future trends and challenges encountered with these techniques are highlighted. It is envisaged that the information gathered in this article will be a valuable source of information for researchers working in this topic. Practical applications The existence of foreign bodies in food causes degradation of their quality and safety. The implementation of the noninvasive technique as a monitoring tool have received an encouraging response from the manufacturers which endeavors to maintain their credibility and reputation. This review serves to provide an up‐to‐date development on the noninvasive technique for detecting foreign bodies which is useful for academicians and researchers especially from the food processing industries.

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Section: X-raymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive techniques for detection of foreign bodies in food: A review

Khairi

Ibrahim

Yunus

et al. 2018

J Food Process Engineering

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“…After its original introduction at synchrotron radiation facilities [97,[101][102][103][104][105], the feasibility of performing confocal XRF measurements using tube sources was demonstrated by several groups around the world [106][107][108][109][110], along with appropriate deconvolution, quantification, and simulation models [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118]. Several papers have been recently been published where confocal XRF measurements are exploited for sub-surface examination of painted works of art [119][120][121][122][123][124], next to pottery [125], coins [86], stained glass [126,127], painted metal sheet [128], and natural rock samples [129]. About 10-15 years ago, the main advantages of SR-based l-XRF for the study of archaeological and artistic materials (such as glass, inks, enamel, metals) were considered to be its quantitative and non-destructive character combined with the possibility to perform trace analysis at the 1-10 ppm-level for transition element metals [130].…”

Section: _####_ Page 6 Of 51mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Examination of Artistic Pigments, Paints, and Paintings by Means of X-Ray Methods

et al. 2016

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Recent studies are concisely reviewed, in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples, and/or entire paintings from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century painters. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging, as well as with the combined use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Microscopic XRF is a variant of the method that is well suited to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, present in paint multi-layers, on the length scale from 1 to 100 μm inside micro-samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists' pigments subjected to natural degradation, the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Their use is often combined with microscopic Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and/or Raman microscopy since these methods deliver complementary information of high molecular specificity at more or less the same length scale as the X-ray microprobe techniques. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples, taken from a given work of art, may not yield representative information about the entire artefact, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Those based on XRF scanning and full-field hyperspectral imaging appear very promising; some recent published results are discussed.

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“…For chemical analysis of coating and paint samples of automobiles, various techniques, such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) [3], laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [4], pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [5], and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) [6], have been employed as destructive analytical tools, while micro X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) [7,8], scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) [9], Raman microspectrometry (RMS) [10], Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [11], synchrotron FTIR [12], and attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) in conjunction with multivariate chemometrics [13] have been reported to be more promising for forensic purposes due to their non-destructive or semi-destructive nature. On the other hand, the application of a single analytical technique is not sufficient to extract the comprehensive information because commercial paints are complex mixtures [14] of organics (polymer dyes, binders, additives, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Modal Compositional Analysis of Layered Paint Chips of Automobiles by the Combined Application of ATR-FTIR Imaging, Raman Microspectrometry, and SEM/EDX

et al. 2019

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For the forensic analysis of multi-layered paint chips of hit-and-run cars, detailed compositional analysis, including minor/trace chemical components in the multi-layered paint chips, is crucial for the potential credentials of the run-away car as the number of layers, painting process, and used paints are quite specific to the types of cars, color of cars, and their surface protection depending on the car manufacturer and the year of manufacture, and yet overall characteristics of some paints used by car manufacturers might be quite similar. In the present study, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging, Raman microspectrometry (RMS), and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometric (SEM/EDX) techniques were performed in combination for the detailed characterization of three car paint chip samples, which provided complementary and comprehensive information on the multi-layered paint chips. That is, optical microscopy, SEM, and ATR-FTIR imaging techniques provided information on the number of layers, physical heterogeneity of the layers, and layer thicknesses; EDX on the elemental chemical profiles and compositions; ATR-FTIR imaging on the molecular species of polymer resins, such as alkyd, alkyd-melamine, acrylic, epoxy, and butadiene resins, and some inorganics; and RMS on the molecular species of inorganic pigments (TiO2, ZnO, Fe3O4), mineral fillers (kaolinite, talc, pyrophyllite), and inorganic fillers (BaSO4, Al2(SO4)3, Zn3(PO4)2, CaCO3). This study demonstrates that the new multi-modal approach has powerful potential to elucidate chemical and physical characteristics of multi-layered car paint chips, which could be useful for determining the potential credentials of run-away cars.

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Application of confocal X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy to the investigation of paint layers

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Noninvasive techniques for detection of foreign bodies in food: A review

Noninvasive techniques for detection of foreign bodies in food: A review

Non-Invasive and Non-Destructive Examination of Artistic Pigments, Paints, and Paintings by Means of X-Ray Methods

Multi-Modal Compositional Analysis of Layered Paint Chips of Automobiles by the Combined Application of ATR-FTIR Imaging, Raman Microspectrometry, and SEM/EDX

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