Application of CRISPR/Cas Systems in the Nucleic Acid Detection of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

The CRISPR/Cas system is a protective adaptive immune system against attacks from foreign mobile genetic elements. Since the discovery of the excellent target-specific sequence recognition ability of the CRISPR/Cas system, the CRISPR/Cas system has shown excellent performance in the development of pathogen nucleic-acid-detection technology. In combination with various biosensing technologies, researchers have made many rapid, convenient, and feasible innovations in pathogen nucleic-acid-detection technology. With an in-depth understanding and development of the CRISPR/Cas system, it is no longer limited to CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas12, and other systems that had been widely used in the past; other CRISPR/Cas families are designed for nucleic acid detection. We summarized the application of CRISPR/Cas-related technology in infectious-disease detection and its development in SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Cellular resistance to an oncolytic virus is driven by chronic activation of innate immunity

“…Technologies such as RNA interference (RNAi), short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and CRISPR-Cas have been extensively used in the last decade to experimentally disrupt gene expression and identify host factors required by viruses for successful infection. 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 Similar to other transcriptomic analyses, our study thus provides a number of candidate markers with known mechanisms of action, but also suggests new viral resistance targets that deserve in-depth examination in future work using the above techniques. The study of cellular resistances to other oncolytic viruses could be useful for identifying common resistance markers in future work.…”

Molecular Diagnostic Tools against SARS-CoV-2 in Poland in 2022

“…COVID-19 diagnosis uses the Cas-13 enzyme, which has the ability to react with RNA; after reverse transcription, the Cas12 or Cas9 enzyme possibly interacts with cDNA [ 10 ]. The advantage of Cas12 and Cas13 over Cas9 is that they have collateral activity, making these enzymes more likely to be used in diagnostics [ 12 ].…”

Exploring CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing Applications for Enhancing Disease Resistance in Sugar Beet

“…Once successfully identified, a double-strand break occurs upstream of the 3′-NGG PAM site. 117 This method relies on Cas9's selective cleavage of the target DNA and employs the toehold switch principle. It can be utilized to differentiate between genotypes, as it can discern a single base variation based on the presence or absence of a PAM sequence.…”

“…Without the presence of the PAM sequence, the target sequence cannot be recognized. Once successfully identified, a double-strand break occurs upstream of the 3′-NGG PAM site . This method relies on Cas9’s selective cleavage of the target DNA and employs the toehold switch principle.…”