Application of curcumine and its derivatives in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: a review

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world and scientists pay a lot of attention to identify and reveal the mechanisms of their occurrence. Recently, the attention of scientists is focused increasingly on plant derivatives, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, due to their specific biological effects. One of these compounds is curcumin, which has many biological properties. Numerous studies have been performed to understand the molecular basis of the therapeutic properties of curcumin. As a result of these studies, there is considerable evidence to suggest that curcumin may affect signaling pathways associated with the cell growth, proliferation, survival, inflammation, and gene transcription. Antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms are the two basic mechanisms to which many of the effects of curcumin in various conditions are attributed. Many factors influence the development of heart disease, but one of the main culprits in their occurrence is the inflammatory process. According to recent research, curcumin is an ingredient that could be used in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular disease. Also, some studies have shown that it has beneficial effects in preventing vascular damage and ischemia. Despite its beneficial and biological properties, it has been proven that curcumin has relatively low bioavailability and low stability in the human body, which limits its therapeutic application. In this regard, several attempts have been made to synthesize curcumin derivatives with improved bioavailability. In this paper, we review the potential and possibilities of using curcumin and its derivatives in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, which would significantly reduce the mortality rate in the population. Based on all of the above, it can be concluded that further studies of animal models and humans are needed to verify current knowledge about the application of curcumin and its derivatives in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this way through these studies more reliable data will be generated concerning the effects of curcumin and its analogs on cellular and subcellular/molecular levels. Prospectively, we believe that this will ground the basis for further improved synthesis of curcumin-analogs, appropriate for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Curcumin: Overview of Extraction Methods, Health Benefits, and Encapsulation and Delivery Using Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions

“…Can scavenge reactive oxidizing substances [180] Enhances the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [116] Activates antioxidant factors including Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) [181] Prevents LDL (low-density lipoprotein) oxidation [182] Table 2. Cont.…”

Efficacy of the monocarbonyl curcumin analog C66 in the reduction of diabetes-associated cardiovascular and kidney complications

“…As a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family, JNK2 influences multiple cellular stress responses, including inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, cell death, cell survival, and protein expression, in various tissues of diabetic animals (Liu et al 2014 ; Zhou et al 2016 ; Jiao et al 2015 ; Fan et al 2012 ). JNK was found to be inhibited by curcumin, which is a potent protector against cardiovascular disease (Fiorillo et al 2008 ; Stamenkovska et al 2021 ; Pan et al 2013 ) found that C66 has a high affinity for JNK2 binding, which potentiates its anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, Li et al ( 2018a , b , c ) have found that JNK2 deletion is associated with reduced aortic inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and fibrosis, caused by diabetes, but significant changes in the aorta of diabetic JNK2 −/− mice were not reported after C66 treatment.…”

Tetrahydrocurcumin-Related Vascular Protection: An Overview of the Findings from Animal Disease Models

“…More specifically, they found that CUR administration for six weeks improved the vascular response to Ach in diabetic rats with streptozotocin-induced endothelial dysfunction and that this effect was linked to reduced O 2 − generation in the mesenteric arteries. Additionally, different CUR analogs protect the heart from ischemic damage and improve cardiac function by strengthening the antioxidant defense mechanisms [14][15][16][17]. According to Nakmareong et al [11], the potential of CUR and THC to enhance the hemodynamic condition and restore aortic responsiveness is linked to the restoration of eNOS expression and blood plasma nitrate/nitrite levels.…”