Application of Decoupling Approach to Evaluate Electricity Consumption, Agriculture, GDP, Crude Oil Production, and CO2 Emission Nexus in Support of Economic Instrument in Nigeria

Abstract

The paper appraised the nexus between electricity consumption, agriculture, GDP, oil production, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Nigeria using a decoupling approach. The result showed that agriculture, electricity, and GDP were predictive variables for CO2 emissions in the Granger causality analysis. The relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions also indicated that the amount of CO2 released tends to rise as the economy’s output and industrial sectors grow, making GDP and CO2 emissions increasingly relevant indicators as a driver of CO2 emissions. Modern agriculture is reliant on large-scale use of fossil fuels and fertilizer production, as well as GHG emissions from crop and livestock production. However, increasing per capita real production can help to enhance quality of the environment, and speed up the uptake of renewable energy which can consequently help to ameliorate global warming. As a result of this study’s policy implications, policies in the agricultural sector that could combat CO2 emissions, including deforestation, land clearing, fertilization with highly environmentally destructive chemicals, neglected integration of agroforestry, and social forestry practices, can help reduce CO2 emissions in the agricultural sector. In addition, the study recommends that the financial markets’ monetary policy should regulate the GDP to charges to compensate for their various sectors’ contributions to CO2 emissions. This investigation might help policymakers in Nigeria to define the CO2 emission monetary and fiscal strategies. In addition, more alternative energy sources such as biofuels, hydropower, solar energy, and other renewable resources should be embraced in Nigeria as sustainable substitutes for fossil fuels.

Spatial Distribution of Green Total Factor Productivity in Chinese Agriculture and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors

“…Among the output indicators, the gross value of agricultural production is adjusted for the 2001-based producer price index for agricultural products in order to reduce the impact of price changes. Based on Liu et al [16], the accounting of agricultural carbon variables takes into consideration sources including cropland, tillage, livestock, fertilizers, pesticides, and mechanical power [17]. Reasons for choosing carbon emissions as a nondesired output are: this paper primarily centers on the impact of carbon emission changes on agricultural green total factors, in the context of achieving the dualcarbon target.…”

Impact of Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Primary Energy Consumption on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Czech Republic

“…The studies which discussed CO 2 emissions using the Johansen cointegration model were in different regions such as Asia [23,24], Africa [18,21,22], and Europe [17]. However, this was not the only tech-nique to understand how energy and economy affect the environment represented by CO 2 emissions, as some studies used the ARDL technique to reach their goals [15,19,20,27].…”

Financial Institutional and Market Deepening, and Environmental Quality Nexus: A Case Study in G-11 Economies Using CS-ARDL

“…The authors of [55] stated a bidirectional causality between GDP growth and CO 2 e in the developing countries. Sane et al [56] analyzed how GDP and CO 2 e are more relevant to each other because of how economic growth will increase CO 2 e due to industrial sector expansion. Aslam et al [57] observed significant long-run relations between GDP and CO 2 e in Malaysia during 1971-2016 by using the ARDL method.…”