Application of Design Expert for the investigation of capsaicin-loaded microemulsions for transdermal delivery

Abstract

Our previous study reported that the Design Expert® Software showed a beneficial role in the development of microemulsions (ME) for transdermal drug delivery. To fully confirm the reproducibility and the reliability of simultaneous optimal ME formulations, the optimal ME formulations predicted by the Design Expert® Software were experimentally formulated and verified for their skin permeability. Ternary phase diagrams were used to predict the optimal ME area, and the ME formulations selected from outside this area were considered as candidate ME systems. Our ME systems were formulated with isopropyl myristate (IPM) as the oil phase, cocamide diethanolamine (DEA) as the surfactant, ethanol as a co-surfactant and water as the aqueous phase. The droplet size, size distribution, electrical conductivity, pH, drug content and skin permeability of the candidate ME systems were monitored. Our findings indicated that the skin permeability of the optimal ME and all of the candidate ME formulations was significantly greater than that of the commercial capsaicin (CAP) product. Our study succeeded in predicting and developing the ME systems for the transdermal delivery of CAP. The simplex lattice design used in this study is experimentally useful for the development of pharmaceutical formulations.

Preparation and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/Polycarbophil Mucoadhesive Blend Films Using a Mixture Design Approach

“…16) DoE analysis utilizes a response surface methodology (RSM) to estimate the main effect, the interaction effect and the outline of the response surface; many studies have successfully utilized RSM. [16][17][18] The simplex lattice mixture design is one type of RSM design that is used when the response changes as a function of the relative proportions of the components. All components must be entered in the same units of measure and each run must sum to the same total.…”

Parameter Optimization of Finger Clip Plate Garlic Seed-Metering Device

“…Table 6 shows the variance analysis of the regression model. Design-Expert software was used to complete the multiple regression fitting analysis of the test data [18][19][20][21], and the quadratic multiple regression equation for the qualified rate of single-seed, missing rate, reply rate, and three factors were obtained as follows: In the regression equation for the qualified rate, the p values of X 1 X 3 and X 1 X 2 were all greater than 0.05, so their effects on the qualified rate of single-seed were not significant, while other items had significant effects on the qualified rate of single-seed. In the regression equation for the missing rate, the p values of the interaction terms X 1 X 3 and X 1 X 2 were all greater than 0.05, so their effects on the missing rate were not significant, while other items had significant or extremely significant effects on the missing rate.…”

Anti-Wrinkle Activity of Clausena harmandiana Essential Oil and Development of a Bioactive Nano-Drug Delivery System for Cosmetic Applications

“…The conductivity of two MEs (> 0.01 mS/cm) indicated that ME1 and ME2 were oil-in-water MEs. [22][23][24] However, the classification of microemulsion types by using conductivity may be unsuitable for non-ionic surfactants such as Tween 80, so it should be confirmed by other procedures, for example, the dye test method. The pH value was 4.5, which was near normal skin pH and indicated that the microemulsions would not cause skin irritation.…”