Application of direct solid sample analysis for the determination of chlorine in biological materials using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Gois, Jefferson Santos de; Pereira, Éderson R.; Welz, Bernhard; Borges, Daniel L. G.

doi:10.1016/j.sab.2014.09.005

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The samples were directly introduced into quartz capillaries, weighed using an M2P microbalance (Sartorius) and transferred to pyrolytic graphite coated sample cups, which were introduced into the graphite tube (Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, USA). The operating parameters of the ICP-MS were published elsewhere [39]. Argon gas with a minimum purity of 99.996% (White Martins, São Paulo, Brazil) was used as plasma, carrier and internal gas flow of the ETV.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of the indirect determination of Cl via the SrCl molecule by HR-CS GF MAS and direct SS analysis in different CRM using the procedure described in Section 2.4 are shown in Table 3. The same samples were also analyzed by SS-ETV-ICP-MS (refer to Section 2.5) [39], and no significant difference was found according to a Student's t-test (p N 0.05) between the found and the certified or indicative values for both methods. The main characteristic of the proposed method is the direct analysis of solid samples, which eliminates the need for any sample pre-treatment, which might be a potential source of contamination, generate waste and consume more time.…”

Section: Determination Of Chlorine In Crm By Hr-cs Ss-gf Mas and Etv-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Pereira

Welz

Lopéz

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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A new method has been developed for the determination of chlorine in biological reference materials using highresolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS GF MAS) of the strontium mono-chloride (SrCl) molecule and direct solid sample analysis. The use of the SrCl molecule for high-temperature MAS was not described up to now in the literature. Preliminary time-dependent density functional theory calculations of the SrCl structure were carried out in order to obtain reasonable estimates of the absorption spectrum of the target molecule. The calculations, which were carried out at BHandHLyp/def2-QZVP level of theory, proved a very accurate and inexpensive way to get information about the spectrum of the SrCl molecule, which enabled us to perform the Cl determination with good sensitivity and specificity. The molecular absorption of the SrCl molecule has been measured using the wavelength at 635.862 nm, and zirconium and palladium have been evaluated as the chemical modifiers in order to increase the sensitivity of the gaseous SrCl molecule generated in the graphite furnace. The pyrolysis and vaporization temperatures were 600°C and 2300°C, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the method have been evaluated using biological certified reference materials of both animal and plant origins, showing good agreement with the informed and certified values. Limit of detection and characteristic mass were 1.0 and 2.2 ng, respectively. The results found using HR-CS GF MAS were in agreement (95% confidence level) compared to those obtained by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

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Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Chlorine In Crm By Hr-cs Ss-gf Mas and Etv-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Pereira

Welz

Lopéz

et al. 2014

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In addition to controlling the elemental content, investigating the isotopic composition of Cl can be of interest in different situations, as it may help, for instance, to track the source or the fate of different Cl species in the environment, or in biological fluids, or help in elucidating geochemical processes. Cl is used in many different fields such as production of chlorinated solvents and other chemicals, water purification, plastics production and pulp and paper manufacture, 1 thus making it necessary to control the presence of this element at trace levels in a wide variety of samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine isotope determination via the monitoring of the AlCl molecule by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry – a case study

Nakadi

Veiga

Aramendía

et al. 2015

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This work investigates the possibility of obtaining isotopic information via the monitoring of the absorption spectra of a gaseous diatomic molecule generated in a graphite furnace and using a high-resolution (approx. 1.5 pm per pixel) monochromator (HR CS GFMAS). To test this concept, Cl was chosen as analyte and AlCl as the target species. The results demonstrate that, unlike what occurs with atomic spectra, under optimum conditions it is possible to acquire isotopic information by HR CS GFMAS in a straightforward way, as it is feasible to observe band heads for each Cl isotope (actually, for Al 35 Cl and Al 37 Cl) that are separated, i.e., they act like two different molecules absorbing at different wavelengths.The method proposed, based upon addition of both Pd and Al and the selection of peak height values, enables Cl isotopic analysis with precision values around 2% RSD for solutions with Cl contents at the mg L -1 level. Accurate values, within this uncertainty, can be directly obtained without requiring any method for mass bias correction. The potential of 2 isotope dilution for calibration is also explored, and it is proven how this approach can help in providing accurate results in situations where the occurrence of chemical interferences, a case frequently encountered for the HR CS GFMAS technique, hampers the use of other calibration approaches, as demonstrated for water analysis.

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“…It was observed that chlorine, bromine, and iodine were vaporized under similar conditions from the ETV system. 159 Similarly, a tungsten boat fitted to an ICP-MS instrument was used for bromine determination in polymers. 165 By using a pretreatment procedure with NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , the bromine species in plastic samples were converted to form a thermally stable inorganic salt.…”

Section: Halogen Determination By Icp-ms Using Etv and La Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also important to highlight that, in this work, 159 the possibility of calibration using an aqueous standard solution and solid CRM with and without chemical modifiers (Pd + Nd or Pd + Ca) was investigated. 159 Through the use of chemical modifiers, similar sensitivities were obtained for calibration using an aqueous standard solution and using a solid CRM. In this sense, it can be assumed that analyte interaction with chemical modifiers is more significant than with the matrix.…”

Section: Halogen Determination By Icp-ms Using Etv and La Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review

Flores

Mello

Krzyzaniak

et al. 2020

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale In this review, works published in the past 25 years for fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine determination in several matrices by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) were covered. Usually, the determination of halogens has been performed by ICP‐MS using a previous sample preparation step or, more recently, by direct analysis of solid or liquid samples. Methods Methods based on combustion, extraction, pyrohydrolysis, sample dilution in organic or aqueous medium, and wet digestion, among others, are discussed. Moreover, the recent applications of methods based on laser ablation (LA) and electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled to ICP‐MS are discussed. Results The main challenge for methods using sample preparation has been to obtain a final solution compatible with ICP‐MS, as well as to overcome problems related to analyte losses and contamination. Interferences due to the presence of dissolved organic compounds in solution, enhancement or suppression of ionization of analytes, and related matrix effects have been of concern when using ICP‐MS. For the determination of halogens by ICP‐MS using LA and ETV systems, some limitations related to the difficulty of calibration are pointed out, impairing the widespread use of this approach. Conclusions A critical view is presented for further halogen determination by ICP‐MS, mainly for matrices considered difficult to digest using conventional protocols.

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Application of direct solid sample analysis for the determination of chlorine in biological materials using electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Strontium mono-chloride — A new molecule for the determination of chlorine using high-resolution graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

Chlorine isotope determination via the monitoring of the AlCl molecule by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry – a case study

Challenges and trends for halogen determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: A review

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