Application of dual carbon-bromine stable isotope analysis to characterize anaerobic micro-degradation mechanisms of PBDEs in wetland bottom-water

Novel Insights into Uptake, Translocation, and Transformation Mechanisms of 2,2′,4,4′-Tetra Brominated Diphenyl Ether (BDE-47) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Implication by Compound-Specific Stable Isotope and Transcriptome Analysis

“…According to our previous studies, the halflife time of BDE-47 was >80 days during the microbial degradation, and the lag time was about 20 days for BDE-47 microbial degradation. 1,12 Thus, the microbial degradation of BDE-47 by the endophytes in wheats could be excluded due to a 120 h exposure period in the present study. These results verified the plant transformation of BDE-47 in wheat shoots.…”

“…As the typical brominated flame retardant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used in many industrial and household products over the past five decades, such as fabrics, plastics, wires, and electronics. 1 Due to no chemical bonds between PBDEs and commercial products, PBDEs are liable to release into the environment and thus detected in high frequencies in soils, plants, sediments, water, and animals and human tissues. 2−7 It was reported that PBDEs could lead to the neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and even carcinogenicity for animals and humans.…”

“…46,47 In addition, the physical processes were unable to cause the detectable changes in stable isotope compositions of organic pollutant. 1,48 Therefore, CSIA was successfully applied to investigate the chemical and microbial transformations of PBDEs in the environment. 12,49,50 However, the information on the stable isotope effects of organic pollutants during the transformation in plants was very limited.…”

“…21,53 Wheat (T. aestivum L.) was used as a model plant, considering that it is widely cultivated around the world. The main objectives of this study were (1) to explore the uptake pathways of BDE-47 by wheat root; (2) to decipher the translocation and transformation processes of BDE-47 within wheat based on stable carbon isotope analysis, and (3) to clarify the molecular mechanisms and functional genes related to BDE-47 transformation by plant enzymes via transcriptomic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first study to systematically characterize the uptake, translocation, and transformation of PBDEs in plants by the compound-specific stable isotope and transcriptomic analysis, and the results provided valuable information for the accurate evaluation of ecological risk caused by PBDEs in the agricultural environment.…”

“…As the typical brominated flame retardant, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used in many industrial and household products over the past five decades, such as fabrics, plastics, wires, and electronics . Due to no chemical bonds between PBDEs and commercial products, PBDEs are liable to release into the environment and thus detected in high frequencies in soils, plants, sediments, water, and animals and human tissues. – It was reported that PBDEs could lead to the neurotoxicity, endocrine disruption, reproductive toxicity, and even carcinogenicity for animals and humans. – In addition, the bioaccumulation, trophic migration, and magnification are observed for PBDEs in the food webs, which cause high concerns over the exposure risk as humans could be the final receptors. , Although there is global restriction on production and usage, PBDEs are still detected in the environmental matrices due to the stocks in in-use commodities and release of legacy fractions in the environment .…”