Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Nazarko, Piotr; Ziemiański, Leonard

doi:10.3390/ma13163607

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the field of using sensors to determine the preload of the bolts, Nazarko et al [10,20] used piezoelectric transducers to develop a non-destructive testing method for determining the preload of the bolts. Herbst et al [21] innovatively designed a force-measuring bolt by integrating a force sensor directly into the bolt structure, allowing real-time monitoring of the bolt's stress state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

Mu,

Zhu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Buildings

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The pull-out method is a simple and effective method for detecting the preload of suspension bridge cable clamp bolts. However, research on the pull-out method is currently limited. The force principles governing the bolt during the pulling process are unclear, and the relationship between tension force and the desired preload remains uncertain. This paper aims to explore the force principles of bolts during the pull-out method detection process through a combined approach of theoretical analysis, full-scale test, and finite element simulation. The results indicate that the bolt preload increases during the pulling process. The preload detected by the pull-out method is not the initial preload of the bolt, but rather it exceeds the initial preload. The force relationships among various components are determined as follows: the preload subtracts the change value of the force exerted by the nut at the tension end, which equals the change value of tension force. Additionally, an analysis of the impact of the length of the bolt clamping section and the bolt area on the preload was conducted. Under the same bolt area, a shorter clamping section length corresponds to a greater increase in preload. With the same clamping section length, the increment of preload increases with the bolt area. These findings can serve as references for detecting and specifying the preload of the bolts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

Mu,

Zhu,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Buildings

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“…Despite how interesting they are, they do not raise issues of sensor attachment influence on excited and registered signals. In the articles on the use of elastic waves [12,22], the authors take into account diverse sets of samples and the influence of sample characteristics on the wave parameters, but the issue of the influence of bonding on the excited wave is not discussed or considered. Potential discrepancies between the analyzed signals can be results from gluing the sensors, which was mentioned in [22], or the specimen surface roughness [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Influence of Actuator Gluing on Elastic Wave Excited in the Structure

Ziaja,

Jurek

2024

Materials

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In this article, the practical issues connected with guided wave measurement are studied: (1) the influence of gluing of PZT plate actuators (NAC2013) on generated elastic wave propagation, (2) the repeatability of PZT transducers attachment, and (3) the assessment of the possibility of comparing the results of Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) measurement performed on different 2D samples. The consideration of these questions is crucial in the context of the assessment of the possibility of the application of the guided wave phenomenon to structural health-monitoring systems, e.g., in civil engineering. In the examination, laboratory tests on the web of steel I-section specimens were conducted. The size and shape of the specimens were developed in such a way that they were similar to the elements typically used in civil engineering structures. It was proved that the highest amplitude of the generated wave was obtained when the exciters were glued using wax. The repeatability and durability of this connection type were the weakest. Due to this reason, it was not suitable for practical use outside the laboratory. The permanent glue application gave a stable connection between the exciter and the specimen, but the generated signal had the lowest amplitude. In the paper, the new procedure dedicated to objective analysis and comparison of the elastic waves propagating on the surface of different specimens was proposed. In this procedure, the genetic algorithms help with the determination of a new coordinate system, in which the assessment of the quality of wave propagation in different directions is possible.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide range of experimental and numerical studies is reported in the papers in this Special Issue [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Nazarko and Ziemia ński [1] monitored the axial bolt forces by means of elastic wave propagation signals. A series of laboratory tests were carried out on flange connections with six bolts, subjected to static tensile tests.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Special Issue: “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures”

Rucka

2020

Materials

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The Special Issue “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures” has been proposed to present recent developments in the field of diagnostics of structural materials and components in civil and mechanical engineering. The papers highlighted in this editorial concern various aspects of non-invasive diagnostics, including such topics as condition assessments of civil and mechanical structures and connections of structural elements, the inspection of cultural heritage monuments, the testing of structural materials, structural health monitoring systems, the integration of non-destructive testing methods, advanced signal processing for the non-destructive testing of structures (NDT), damage detection and damage imaging, as well as modeling and numerical analyses for supporting structural health monitoring (SHM) systems.

show abstract

Application of Elastic Waves and Neural Networks for the Prediction of Forces in Bolts of Flange Connections Subjected to Static Tension Tests

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

A Study of Preload Detection Technology in Suspension Bridge Cable Clamp Bolts Based on the Pull-Out Method

An Influence of Actuator Gluing on Elastic Wave Excited in the Structure

Special Issue: “Non-Destructive Testing of Structures”

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