Application of Electrical Current for Increasing the Flow Rate of Oil and Water in a Porous Medium

Anbah, Saleh A.; Chilingar, George V.; Beeson, Carrol M.

doi:10.2118/65-02-05

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Regarding the approach for construction of carbonate plugs, from these 18 selected papers, it was possible to identify one that used a carbonate matrix material and its content [12]. Using calcite flour as its main component material (95% w/w), carbonate plugs were constructed for the application of electrical current to increase the flow rate of oil and water in a porous media.…”

Section: Materials and Contents Used To Construct Synthetic Plugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of synthetic carbonate plugs: A review and some recent developments

Florez

Ferrari

Michelon

et al. 2019

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Plugs are cylindrical rocks with known dimensions that are extracted typically from reservoir formations with representative mineralogical compounds, petrophysical properties and oilfield fluids. They are used in the laboratory to understand the behaviour of oil in reservoirs. One of their applications is to study the screening of chemicals, such as surfactants and polymers, for enhanced oil recovery research before being applied in the reservoir. Many of Brazil’s pre-salt basins are located in ultra-deep waters, and the high heterogeneities of its offshore carbonate reservoirs make the extraction of representative rock samples difficult, risky and expensive. The literature reports the construction of synthetic plug samples that reproduce rocks as an alternative and viable solution for this issue. However, there is a lack of publications that focus on the construction of representative carbonate plugs that considers both the mineralogical composition and petrophysics properties, such as porosity and permeability. In this work, the construction of synthetic plugs is studied, using a combination of published methodologies to achieve an alternative construction of synthetic carbonate plugs for laboratory scale studies. Using a procedure based on the use of pulverized rock matrices with known particle sizes, uniaxial compaction, and probable CaCO3 solubility control by changing temperature and pH, it was possible to obtain synthetic carbonate plugs with a similar mineralogy to the natural carbonate reservoir. However, further studies are necessary to obtain more controlled petrophysical properties of such samples.

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Section: Materials and Contents Used To Construct Synthetic Plugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of synthetic carbonate plugs: A review and some recent developments

Florez

Ferrari

Michelon

et al. 2019

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…These two types of rocks have significant differences, for example, the higher chemical reactivity of the carbonate rocks due to the carbonate mineral (Pizarro and Branco, 2012). In contrast to the sandstone reservoirs (Anbah et al, 1965;Raimondi and Torcaso, 1964;Wang et al, 2008), there is a lack of publications that focus on the construction of representative synthetic carbonate plugs that consider both mineralogical composition and petrophysical properties as highlighted by Florez et al (2019). The authors presented a literature review classifying a selected group of publications, a total of 81 papers and reports published from 1962 to 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary analyses of synthetic carbonate plugs: consolidation, petrophysical and wettability properties

Florez¹,

Ferrari²

2021

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Synthetic plugs are available to understand oilfield properties and the behavior of oil in reservoirs where natural plugs cannot be extracted. Specifically, in cases where it is necessary to reproduce representative mineralogical and petrophysical characteristics from carbonate reservoirs, it is evident that there is a lack of publications focusing on synthetic plug construction. In this work, a methodology to construct synthetic carbonate plugs is proposed using disintegrated carbonate rock with controlled particle size, mixed in different weight fraction, uniaxial compaction with controlled load force velocity, pH, temperature, and bonding materials. Preliminary analysis of consolidation (basic consolidation and consolidation by water immersion test), wettability (contact angle measurements) and petrophysical properties (nitrogen expansion porosimetry measurements and theoretical porosity calculation) are reported in this study to determine which composition of the synthetic samples provides similar properties compared to that expected for natural rocks from carbonate reservoirs. Two compositions are recommended to construct synthetic samples: Composition 1 with a total quantity of 100 g of base material (50% w/w of <20 μm, 50% w/w of 20–74 μm) + 5% w/w of amide wax (relative to 100 g of base material) + 6% w/w (relative to 100 g of base material) of pH 3 hydrochloric acid solution; and Composition 2 with a total quantity of 100 g of base material (50% w/w of 150–300 μm, 50% w/w of 300–600 μm) + 5% w/w (relative to 100 g of base material) of amide wax + 6% w/w (relative to 100 g of base material) of pH 3 hydrochloric acid solution. In addition to the compositions, it is necessary to follow the reported procedure based on the uniaxial compaction with controlled load force (200 kN) and velocity (25 mm/min) and the sample’s drying temperature of 100 °C for 1 h aiming to obtain similar samples. These preliminary results will guide further dedicated petrophysical and wettability analysis to deeply understanding these sample’s properties and enhance the construction of synthetic samples more similar to the natural rocks from carbonate reservoirs.

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“…The incremental recovery from EK-EOR strongly depends on the permeability of the porous media. The higher the permeability the less significant the effect of EK-EOR will (12) ζ = (ϕ l − ϕ s ) ( become. This is demonstrated in Eqs.…”

Section: Theoretical Basis For Ek-eormentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of electrokinetic-enhanced oil recovery (EK-EOR): a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Hydrocarbons continue to play an important role in providing affordable energy to meet rising energy demand. Amidst growing concerns on the environmental impact of oil and gas production processes, many researchers are increasingly exploring environmentally sustainable methods of extracting hydrocarbons from the reservoir. The introduction of direct current into the pore space activates mechanisms that enhance fluid flow, reduces produced water, decreases associated hydrogen sulfide production, and leaves no material footprint on the environment. Previous laboratory studies and field applications have reported varying degrees of success of the EK-EOR mechanism. However, the mechanism and effectiveness of this technique remain unclear. This systematic literature review provides an opportunity to critically evaluate laboratory results, establish a basis for the effectiveness of the EK-EOR mechanism and identify possible future research directions. In this study, 52 articles were identified and reviewed in a selection process that adhered to the PRISMA protocol. Data extracted from these articles were fed into the EK-EOR model, and Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) was used to determine the success rate of the EK-EOR process. Insights obtained from the simulation indicate that EK-EOR alone is not effective (with a success rate of 45%). Insights from published laboratory experiments indicate that interstitial clay affects the electro-osmotic permeability of reservoir rocks which determines the effectiveness of the EK-EOR mechanism. Salt deposition on the cathode and generation of gases (oxygen and chlorine at the anode) are significant limitations of the EK-EOR. The review concludes by identifying future areas of application of EK-EOR.

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Application of Electrical Current for Increasing the Flow Rate of Oil and Water in a Porous Medium

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Construction of synthetic carbonate plugs: A review and some recent developments

Construction of synthetic carbonate plugs: A review and some recent developments

Preliminary analyses of synthetic carbonate plugs: consolidation, petrophysical and wettability properties

Effectiveness of electrokinetic-enhanced oil recovery (EK-EOR): a systematic review

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