Application of Electrically Conductive Polythiophenes

Koßmehl, Gerhard; Engelmann, Gūnnar

doi:10.1002/9783527611713.ch10

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Polythiophenes comprise an important class of organic semiconductors that are finding electroluminescent, − photovoltaic, , field-effect transistor, − corrosion protection, and electromagnetic shielding applications. Although electron beams are generally known to be destructive to organic and polymeric films, , there have been few studies of the effects of electron beam irradiation on conjugated polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Irradiation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films

2004

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The effects of low-energy electron irradiation on spin-coated films of regioregular poly(3hexylthiophene) have been studied with fluorescence, mass spectrometry, and a variety of electron spectroscopies, including photoemission. Electron impact by 180 eV electrons causes a decrease in photoluminescence intensity, broadening of the thiophene ring valence electronic state features, and diminution in intensity of the peaks due to π electrons delocalized along the backbone. Electron bombardment also results in a decrease in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy sulfur-to-carbon ratio, but only minor shifts in the binding energies of the C 1s and S 2p peaks occur. Quadrupole mass spectrometry has been used to detect electron-stimulated desorption from the polymer films. Ionic desorption includes S -, SH -, S + , and CxHy + species. Auger electron spectroscopy confirms removal of sulfur from the near-surface region by a 5 keV electron dose of 1.8 × 10 18 electrons/cm 2 , and electron energy loss spectroscopy suggests formation of a graphitic surface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Irradiation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films

2004

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“…The conducting polymers obtained from thiophene and its derivatives have a special place in research and development due to their low bandgap and high stability. 1,2 These conducting polymers have potential applications in various fields such as fuel cells, biosensors, electroanalysis, electrocatalysis, electrochromic displays, and others. 2,3 Among the above applications, electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen (O 2 ) is important due to its applications in different fields including environment, metal air batteries, industrial electrolytic process, electro-organic reactions, and fuel cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 These conducting polymers have potential applications in various fields such as fuel cells, biosensors, electroanalysis, electrocatalysis, electrochromic displays, and others. 2,3 Among the above applications, electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen (O 2 ) is important due to its applications in different fields including environment, metal air batteries, industrial electrolytic process, electro-organic reactions, and fuel cells. 3 A poly͑2,3-diaminonaphthalene͒ 4 was reported for the electrocatalytic reduction of O 2 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen Using a Poly(terthiophene carboxylic acid) Appended by 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene Copper Complex

Boopathi

Won

Kim³

et al. 2002

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The conducting polymer electrochemically obtained from a newly synthesized 5,2′:5′,2″ -terthiophene- 3′ -carboxylic acid monomer was modified with 1,5-diaminonaphthalene by covalent bonding, and the modified electrode was complexed with copper ions. All modifications were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The electrode modified with copper ions caused a positive shift in the peak potential for oxygen reduction to 0.30 V when compared to the absence of copper in the modified electrode. An ESCA study indicates the participation of Cu(I) species in the process of catalytic reduction of oxygen. The kinetics for oxygen reduction was studied by rotating ring-disk voltammetry. The results reveal 3.6 electrons participating in the reduction of oxygen with about 75% conversion to water in an aqueous medium of 0.1 M KNO3. The kinetic study also indicates the presence of an inner sphere mechanism between copper and oxygen during the latter’s reduction. The calculated rate constant from the kinetic study on the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen was found to be higher when compared to other copper complexes adsorbed on the carbon electrode surface. This modified electrode was also tested for the estimation of oxygen content in an aqueous solution. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.

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“…Polythiophenes, polymers of thiophene repeating units (Figure 2-3), have been widely used as photoactive components in the organic electronic devices. 28 It is mainly because they can become conductive via doping processes. The study of polythiophenes and related polymers were recognized by awarding of Nobel Prize in Chemistry in the year of 2000 to Alan J. Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa for "the discovery and development of conductive polymers".…”

Section: Polythiophenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 H-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 7.12-7.20 (m, 6H), 7 28. 7.34 (m, 4H), 7.36-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.45 (m, 4H), 7.45-7.49 (m, 2H), 7.73 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), 7.83 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 7.84-7.91 (m, 4H), 7.92-7.98 (m, 2H), 8.30 (br s, 4H) (Figure A-47); 13 C-NMR (CDCl 3 ) δ 107.6, 118.1, 124.4, 124.4, 124.6, 124.8, 126.0, 126.1, 128.2, 129.1, 129.2, 133.4, 134.3, 137.9, 138.4, 138.7, 140.8, 143.0, 143.9, 144.6, 144.7 (Figure A-48); HR-ESI-MS m/z: [M] + calcd for C 64 H 36 N 4 S 4 Zn, 1054.1100; found, 1054.1124 (Figure A-49); λ abs (ε ) 470 (2.3×10 5 ), 615, 663 (6.3×10 4 ) nm (Figures A-50, A-51 and A-52); λ em (λ ex = 470 nm) 674, 739 nm (Figure A-53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and investigation of photophysical properties of porphyrin-embedded polythiophene

Seelajaroen

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In this research, trans-A2B2-porphyrins and trans-A2B2-benzoporphyrins bearing phenyl and thiophene-based meso-substituents were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrophotometry. The photophysical properties of both solutions and films of the target compounds were also investigated by UV-visible and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Comparative studies of these compounds revealed that the replacement of phenyl with thiophene meso-substituents, the introduction of the additional thiophene ring and the extension of the porphyrin π-conjugated system significantly affected their photophysical and electrochemical properties. Energy levels of their highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and their energy gap were estimated and found to be in a range of –5.79 to –5.55, –4.05 to –3.87 and 1.5 to 1.9 eV, respectively. The electropolymerization through the bithiophenyl units of the target compounds gave desirable porphyrin-embedded polythiophenes, the formation of which was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectrophotometry. Their absorption properties of the resulting polymers were consistent with those of the monomers with broader typically occurred for the porphyrinic polymers.

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Application of Electrically Conductive Polythiophenes

Cited by 7 publications

References 157 publications

Electron Irradiation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films

Electron Irradiation of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Molecular Oxygen Using a Poly(terthiophene carboxylic acid) Appended by 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene Copper Complex

Synthesis and investigation of photophysical properties of porphyrin-embedded polythiophene

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