With the development of civil nuclear industry, "radioactive contamination" has aroused worldwide public attention increasingly. The study on the interaction of radionuclides at solid-liquid interfaces can lead to a more profound comprehension of its diffusion, migration and transformation in the natural environment, which would make the disposal and control of radioactive wastes more effectively. The metal oxide materials have shown great potential applications in the field of radionuclides' removal, which are mainly attributed to their multiple advantages, such as the sufficiency, the low cost, the environmental friendliness and the large sorption capacity. Herein, we reviewed the application of commonly used metal oxide materials (such as iron oxides, layered double oxides, aluminum oxides and titanium dioxides) in the sorption of radionuclides from large volumes of aqueous solutions in the last five years. The sorption properties and the main interaction mechanism were investigated and discussed through batch experiments, surface complexation models, spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the application of the metal oxide materials in environmental radioactive pollution cleanup was also discussed. Therefore, we hope that this work would be helpful to further investigation and application of metal oxide materials in environmental radionuclide pollution management.