Application of fiber optics in water distribution networks for leak detection and localization: a mixed methodology-based review

Ibrahim, K.F.; Tariq, Salman; Bakhtawar, Beenish; Zayed, Tarek

doi:10.2166/h2oj.2021.102

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Detailed application of such techniques can be found in existing reviews (Chan et al, 2019; El‐Zahab & Zayed, 2019). It is pertinent to mention that new technologies like micro‐electromagnetic systems (MEMS)‐based customized sensors (Xu et al, 2019), fiber‐optic‐based sensors (Ibrahim et al, 2021), wireless sensing networks (WSNs) (See et al, 2009), internet of things (IoT) (Alves Coelho et al, 2020), and satellite imagery (Chen et al, 2020) for more precise and cost‐effective leak detection are being developed. Recently, Tariq et al (2021) present a detailed review covering the application of MEMS‐based accelerometers and wireless sensor networks.…”

Section: Current Technologies For Leak Detection and Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Iwanaga et al, 2022) Fiber optic sensors Uses a fiber optic-based reflective material for leak detection. (Ibrahim et al, 2021) are being explored by developing customized sensors based on novel technologies and demonstrating their acceptable capabilities against commercial sensors. For example, Xu et al ( 2019) demonstrated a small-sized MEMS-based hydrophone as a cost-effective solution for leak detection.…”

Section: Leak Noise Correlatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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State‐of‐the‐art review of leak diagnostic experiments: Toward a smart water network

Bakhtawar

Zayed

2023

WIREs Water

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Effective water pipeline leak detection and localization can help water practitioners save water losses and reduce pipe rehabilitation budgets. Different sensing technologies can provide essential data aiding model development for predicting future leaks in the water distribution networks. Solutions for applying different sensing technologies to real water distribution networks are being developed for real‐time data collection, precise leak localization, reducing false alarms, and continuous pipeline monitoring. Experiments of different scales and specifications have been conducted to test the application and effectiveness of sensing technologies for leak diagnosis in water pipelines. Quality data collection is especially crucial for the successful implementation of these experiments. However, practitioners need help designing effective leak detection and localization experiments, wasting time, and resources. There needs to be a greater understanding of the design parameters for more accurate testing, such as sensor selection, sensor placement, ambient noise sources, and system operations. The current study, therefore, delineates design parameters for design leak diagnosis experiments for lab, testbed, and real networks. For application in real water networks, expert opinion is used to help identify the benefits and limitations and the implementation issues of available sensing technologies. An example experiment design using multi‐sensing technologies for smart leak diagnostics in Hong Kong is also presented. The study can guide water practitioners and researchers to design a multi‐sensing leak diagnostic experiments enabling a smart and sustainable utility management.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Methods Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Science of Water > Water Extremes

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Section: Current Technologies For Leak Detection and Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leak Noise Correlatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State‐of‐the‐art review of leak diagnostic experiments: Toward a smart water network

Bakhtawar

Zayed

2023

WIREs Water

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“…Research is focusing on developing non-invasive prognostic solutions rather than a posteriori diagnostic ones, thus identifying hydraulic leaks as early as possible while concurrently preventing severe network deterioration. For instance, optical fibers are unrolled along pipelines or coiled around pipes to locally detect water leaks as result of a change in the temperature or the dielectric properties of the fiber [ 12 , 13 ]. Electrical conductors can be drawn as well along pipes to perform time-domain reflectometry [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pipe-Embeddable Impedance Sensor for Monitoring Water Leaks in Distribution Networks: Design and Validation

Carminati

2023

Sensors

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Water leakage is one of main problems of distribution infrastructures, reaching unacceptable peaks of 50% of water lost in old networks in several countries. In order to address this challenge, we present an impedance sensor able to detect small water leaks (below 1 L of released volume). The combination of real-time sensing and such a sensitivity allows for early warning and fast response. It relies on a set of robust longitudinal electrodes applied on the external surface of the pipe. The presence of water in the surrounding medium alters its impedance in a detectable way. We report detailed numerical simulations for the optimization of electrode geometry and sensing frequency (2 MHz), as well as the successful experimental proof in the laboratory of this approach for a pipe length of 45 cm. Moreover, we experimentally tested the dependence of the detected signal on the leak volume, temperature, and morphology of the soil. Finally, differential sensing is proposed and validated as a solution to reject drifts and spurious impedance variations due to environmental effects.

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“…For this reason, extensive research has been conducted over the years, concerning the development of effective leak detection and localization methods [1][2][3][4]. These methods can rely on several physical phenomena from different areas, like optics [5][6][7][8][9], thermodynamics [10][11][12][13][14], acoustics [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Parameter Configuration on an Embedded System Used for Acoustic Leak Localization in Metallic Pipelines

Kousiopoulos

Nikolaidis

2023

Electronics

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The subject of pipeline monitoring for a timely response in the case of leakage has raised intense interest and numerous leak localization methods have been presented in the literature. However, most approaches focus more on the performance of the methods themselves and not on their implementation on a typical embedded system and the way that the main system parameters affect its operation. The present paper aims to contribute to this field. Specifically, an acoustic leak localization method, developed in our previous research, is implemented in C++ on the Raspberry Pi 4B platform. The main system parameters are defined and certain trade-offs between them are examined. These trade-offs concern three basic metrics: the leak localization accuracy, the execution time of the algorithm, and the memory consumption, which rely on the values of the system parameters. Based on the targeted application, the importance of each of the aforementioned metrics can vary. For this reason, an evaluation function, equipped with user-defined weighting coefficients corresponding to the three metrics, is constructed in this paper. With the help of this function, a given parameter combination can be evaluated and the decision about its utilization in a certain application can be made.

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Application of fiber optics in water distribution networks for leak detection and localization: a mixed methodology-based review

Cited by 19 publications

References 55 publications

State‐of‐the‐art review of leak diagnostic experiments: Toward a smart water network

State‐of‐the‐art review of leak diagnostic experiments: Toward a smart water network

A Pipe-Embeddable Impedance Sensor for Monitoring Water Leaks in Distribution Networks: Design and Validation

Study of Parameter Configuration on an Embedded System Used for Acoustic Leak Localization in Metallic Pipelines

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