Application of flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) for size characterization of carbon black particles in ink

Characterization and Quantitation of Carbon Black Nanomaterials in Polymeric and Biological Aqueous Dispersants by Asymmetrical Flow Field Flow Fractionation

“…In this context, electrophoresis has been proposed for quantification studies on biological samples; however, size distribution is not defined. For this aim, asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) has been demonstrated to be a powerful separation strategy in the characterization and/or determination of several (nano)­materials. , AF4 coupled to UV–vis and DLS detectors in series is a very useful technique for characterization of a wide range of particle dispersions allowing their separation and establishing their distribution and stability. , The AF4-UV–vis system was employed to analyze only the size of CB particles used in ink by dispersing CB powder in aqueous media containing polymeric dispersants . However, stability studies on different dispersant matrices have not been yet performed for CB.…”

“…36,37 The AF4-UV−vis system was employed to analyze only the size of CB particles used in ink by dispersing CB powder in aqueous media containing polymeric dispersants. 38 However, stability studies on different dispersant matrices have not been yet performed for CB. AF4 can determine the suspension behavior through the separation of different size distributions present in the bulk dispersion and allows quantification studies.…”

Degradable Carbon Dots from Cigarette Smoking with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activities against Drug-Resistant Bacteria

“…Recently, a number of materials have been designed to directly battle drug-resistant bacteria or enhance the antibiotic efficacy of existed antibiotics, such as gold nanoparticles, ruthenium complexes, cationic conjugated polymers, and antimicrobial peptides. − Carbon dots (CDs) have been an emerging nanomaterial in recent years that can be widely applied in bioimaging, biosensing, nanomedicine, drug delivery, cancer therapy, etc. − Moreover, some studies have revealed that CDs can function as an effective antibiotic, showing inhibitory effects on a broad spectrum. − These materials truly gain antimicrobial activities, but all of them are artificially synthesized through chemicals. On the other hand, we can always meet carbon nanoparticles in our everyday life, for example, automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, chimney smoke, plant ash, and carbon black ink. − However, as far as we know, none of these studies referred to the relation between common daily carbon nanoparticles and antimicrobial activities, which is more important as such a worldwide issue influences every single human being.…”

Extending the capabilities of field flow fractionation online with ICP-MS for the determination of particulate carbon in latex and charcoal

“…the reaction product obtained from incomplete combustion of oil or similar materials, is applied in large scale as pigment in inks, paints, printer toner and for improving the stability of automobile tyres. 4,5 In addition, black carbon, i.e. soot or coal particles are released from many sources into the environment including automobile exhaust, commercial or household combustion processes, smoking and forest fires.…”

“…Regarding carbon based particles, several studies applied flow, sedimentation or thermal FFF separation with UV detection at 254 nm and/or light scattering detection for various suspended polymer latexes as well as carbon black in ink or industrial preparations. 2,4,5,13,14 Element selective detection was not applied in these studies.…”