Application of formation water geochemistry to assess seal integrity of the Gotnia Formation, Kuwait

Al-Hajeri, Mubarak; Bowden, Stephen

doi:10.1007/s12517-017-2842-2

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…All of the data are below the seawater evaporation curve in the figure, indicating that the loss of Na + in the fluid is independent of chlorine solubility (Figure 5). Na + -Ca 2+ substitution during the feldspar metamorphism is not sufficient [7,[44][45][46]; the lower Na + /Cl − confirms strong water-rock reaction occurring in this region. The (Na + /Cl − ) ratio in the southwest area is relatively high (Figure 6), which is unfavorable to hydrocarbon accumulation.…”

Section: Ion Ratio Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, formation water is usually a mixture of these [1,6]. As an important part of fluid in the sedimentary basin, formation water dynamics are critical in hydrocarbon accumulation [7,8]. It is not only the driving force of hydrocarbon migration but also the carrier of hydrocarbon accumulation [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main geochemical processes of saline formation water are (1) evaporation of seawater or lake water, (2) dissolution of saline minerals, (3) metasomatism, such as albitization of feldspar and dolomitization of calcite, and (4) mineral transport by deep hydrothermal fluids [18][19][20]. The above reactions are bound to the salinity and ion content of formation water and can reflect the migration and preservation of hydrocarbon reservoirs to a certain extent [7,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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The migration path of formation water plays an indispensable role in hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The hydrodynamic field controls the content of various ions in formation water and is an important participant in hydrocarbon evolution. Formation water can basically be used to judge the preservation status of oil/gas reservoirs, especially for carbonate reservoirs; the carbonate reservoirs are a typical example in the Gaoqiao area of the Ordos Basin, China. However, it is not easy to evaluate the sealing and integrity of the gas reservoir because hydrocarbon has experienced a multistage charging process and complicated later reconstruction. The geochemical characteristics of Ordovician formation water (100 brine samples from 67 wells in the Ma5 Member) are studied, and their chemical composition is analyzed in the Ordos Basin. The results show that formation water has high overall salinity and is the original sedimentary water of the carbonate reservoir, which is the sealing reservoir and can promote the accumulation of hydrocarbons. This is also associated with stronger water-rock reactions and diagenetic transformations, such as dolomitization. The main (TDS) range is from 40 to 150 g·L−1, with an average of 66.16 g·L−1; the Cl− content in the formation water samples is the highest, followed by Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, HCO3−, and SO42−. In addition, the (Cl−-Na+)/Mg2+ ratio, Na+/Cl− ratio, Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio, and S O 4 2 − × 100 / C l − ratio are closely related to gas preservation. The indication function between chemical parameters of formation water and hydrocarbon dynamics can be better understood in carbonate reservoirs by analogy study, so as to improve the accuracy of discriminating favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas.

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Section: Ion Ratio Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Sun

Yang

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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“…Formation water (also known as oilfield water), associated with oil or natural gas in strata, is a major geofluid and plays a fundamental role in hydrocarbon migration, accumulation, and preservation. , Formation water is derived from including atmospheric water, seawater, endogenous water, as well as a mixture of the above in sedimentary basins . The movement of formation water is a universal geodynamic force that promotes the migration of hydrocarbons vertically and horizontally in the formation and accumulates in the nearest trap; its chemical composition directly or indirectly reflects the environment and conditions of hydrocarbon occurrence. , Physical reactions that control the composition of formation water include evaporative concentration, dissolution of salt minerals, and sedimentary filtration . In addition, chemical reactions such as water–rock interactions, such as dolomitization of calcite and metamorphism of quartz, are also important processes affecting its geochemical composition. , These water–rock interactions usually occur in closed high-temperature and high-pressure environments, and mineral transformation in the formation ensues. , Furthermore, the composition of fluids can change drastically over different geological periods .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 The movement of formation water is a universal geodynamic force that promotes the migration of hydrocarbons vertically and horizontally in the formation and accumulates in the nearest trap; its chemical composition directly or indirectly reflects the environment and conditions of hydrocarbon occurrence. 4 , 5 Physical reactions that control the composition of formation water include evaporative concentration, dissolution of salt minerals, and sedimentary filtration. 6 In addition, chemical reactions such as water–rock interactions, such as dolomitization of calcite and metamorphism of quartz, are also important processes affecting its geochemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indication of Formation Water Geochemistry for Hydrocarbon Preservation: New Applications of Machine Learning in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Yang

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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The migration of formation water plays a crucial role in hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. The hydrodynamic field controls the content of various ions in formation water and is an important participant in hydrocarbon evolution. One potential high-yield gas field is the tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the northern Tianhuan Depression of the Ordos Basin, China. However, due to the complex gas–water relationship and limited water sample data, the development of gas reservoirs has encountered great difficulties; we thus analyzed the geochemical characteristics of a large scale of formation water acquired from the Permian in the Ordos Basin (60 water samples collected from 45 wells in the He8 Member). The results showed that formation water is the original sedimentary water in tight sandstone reservoirs, which represent a closed hydrological environment, which is conducive to gas accumulation. This is also related to the demonstrated strong water–rock reaction and diagenetic. We also developed a statistical model between these geochemical parameters and gas preservation based on machine learning algorithms (decision trees). Note that machine learning, as a data-driven artificial intelligence algorithm, generates massive correlation models that can learn from the structured training data sets to carry out predictions or evaluations in newly presented data. This algorithm can process large amounts of information data more quickly and can build more perfect correlation models through deep learning mechanisms than traditional statistical methods. The results suggest that the metamorphism coefficient has the best indication effect on the preservation of gas reservoirs. The hydrological environment with (Cl–-Na+)/Mg2+ > 50.066, Na+/Cl– ≤ 0.476, and Ma2+/Ca2+ ≤ 0.102 is a good hydrocarbon accumulation area. This study can be applied, by analogy, to more comprehensively interpret the correlation between the geochemical characteristics of formation water and hydrocarbon storage and to improve the accuracy of predicting favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas in tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

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Petroleum Geology of Kuwait

Naqi

Alsalem

Qabazard

et al. 2022

Regional Geology Reviews

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Kuwait has proven conventional oil reserves of about 100 billion barrels which makes it one of the major oil-producing countries worldwide. Most of this reserve is found in Cretaceous and Jurassic with minor quantities in the Paleogene sedimentary successions. Most hydrocarbon production comes from the siliciclastic Burgan Formation which is the most important reservoir in Kuwait. The Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous exhibit good quality source rocks that charged most of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in Kuwait and entered the oil window in Late Cretaceous to Eocene. Most of the hydrocarbon is trapped in very gentle four-way closure structures that are related to the deep-seated fault system of the Arabian Peninsula such as Khurais-Burgan Anticline. Hydrocarbon reservoirs in Kuwait are sealed and capped mainly by shale rocks and to a less extent by evaporites. In the last 15 years, Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) displayed interest in commercially exploiting unconventional hydrocarbon reserves and started laying significant emphasis on the exploration and development of unconventional resources. The aim of this work is to summarize the different petroleum systems of Kuwait including the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic systems.

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Application of formation water geochemistry to assess seal integrity of the Gotnia Formation, Kuwait

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Geochemical Characteristics of Formation Water in Carbonate Reservoirs and Its Indication to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Indication of Formation Water Geochemistry for Hydrocarbon Preservation: New Applications of Machine Learning in Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs

Petroleum Geology of Kuwait

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