The market competitiveness and sustainable operation of an enterprise are closely correlated with the support of high-tech core technologies in the enterprise. This study first discusses the basic knowledge of core competitiveness, introduces the components and evaluation methods of core competitiveness, and builds an evaluation index system for core competitiveness of high-tech enterprises. Then, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is fully discussed, during which the steps, advantages, and disadvantages of the AHP evaluation method are introduced. Finally, the Fujian Province of China is taken as an example, the relevant data are collected and processed, the impact of indicators are analyzed, and a high-tech industry core technological capability analysis indicator system is built based on the AHP method. Thus, the influence of the core technological capabilities of the high-tech industry on the sustainable competitive advantage of the enterprise is obtained. This study puts forward suggestions for maintaining the competitiveness of high-tech industries, thereby improving the competitive advantage of enterprises and achieving the sustainable management of enterprises. The result finds that if the high-tech industries continue to carry out innovation and scientific research, enterprises will maintain their competitive advantages. In summary, exploring the impact of the core technological capabilities of high-tech industries on the sustainable competitive advantages of enterprises is greatly significant for improving their competitiveness and industrial status, which enables them to be invincible in a complex environment.