Over the years, colleges and universities have evaluated students based on their course scores, but neglected the cultivation of other abilities. This has led students to focus on learning textbook knowledge, poor practical ability, and innovative awareness. They must become outstanding public security college students with comprehensive development. There's still a long way to go. Therefore, how to establish a scientific and comprehensive quality evaluation system is an urgent problem that should be resolved in the process of quality education. The purpose of this article is to conduct research on the comprehensive quality assessment of public security college students based on improved genetic algorithms, so as to establish a more complete comprehensive quality assessment system and comprehensively improve the comprehensive quality of students. This article proposes that there are many shortcomings in the purpose, content, and methods of comprehensive evaluation of student quality in modern schools. Mainly, they have more qualitative analysis and research, but less quantitative analysis. Combining the intentions of college students and employers, Strengthening the preparation of the comprehensive quality evaluation of college students is to effectively implement the comprehensive quality evaluation of local school studentsUpdate the concept of comprehensive quality assessment, formulate scientific evaluation standards, and implement training for relevant personnel. Strengthen the process supervision of the comprehensive quality assessment of college students. In the experimental results of this article, the average requirement for scientific and cultural quality reached 65%, ranking first in morality, intelligence, and physical, while the requirement for humanistic quality was only 1%, which is far lower than the requirement for scientific and cultural quality. This shows that Contemporary society does not have high requirements for comprehensive quality. The improved genetic algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of the current weighted average scores commonly used by various universities to queue students, and can comprehensively evaluate the overall quality of public security college students. Its excellent ease of use and operability indicate that it can specifically reflect each of the things.