Application of graphene nanoplatelets silica composite, prepared by sol-gel technology, as a novel sorbent in two microextraction techniques

Abstract

In this study, the application of a novel nanomaterial composite was investigated in two microextraction techniques of solid-phase microextraction and a needle trap device in a variety of sampling conditions. The optimum sampling temperature and relative humidity were 10°C and 20%, respectively, for both techniques with two sorbents of graphene/silica composite and polydimethyl siloxane. The two microextraction techniques with the proposed sorbent showed recoveries of 95.2 and 94.6% after 7 days. For the needle trap device the optimums desorption time and temperature were 3 min at 290°C and for SPME these measures were 1 and 1.5 min at 240-250°C for the graphene/silica composite and polydimethyl siloxane, respectively. The relative standard division obtained in inter- and intra-day comparative studies were 3.3-14.3 and 5.1-25.4, respectively. For four sample the limit of detection was 0.021-0.25 ng/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.08-0.75 ng/mL. The results show that the graphene/silica composite is an appropriate extraction media for both techniques. Combining an appropriate sorbent with microextraction techniques, and using these in conjunction with a sensitive analytical instrument can introduce a strong method for sampling and analysis of occupational and environmental pollutants in air.

Recent Applications and Newly Developed Strategies of Solid-Phase Microextraction in Contaminant Analysis: Through the Environment to Humans

“…Analytical approaches that are not yet fully explored are the needle-trap and cold-fiber SPME, partly because of the difficulty in commercially obtaining the necessary equipment for the analytic set-up [22,23]. Recently, some studies have been published on SPME fibers used as a passive sampling device to get the Time-Weighted Average (TWA) concentration of VOCs.…”

Development of Cold Fiber Head Space Solid-Phase Microextraction for Analysis of 2,5 Hexandion in Urine

“…The CAR/PDMS fibers are proven to have a higher affinity for extraction of volatile and semi-volatile compounds from the headspace of urine samples in previous studies [11,12,15]; therefore, they were chosen for extraction of 2,5-HD from the urine samples. They were conditioned for 2 h in the injection port of the GC at 573 K.…”

“…Over the last decade, several methods based on solid phase microextraction are reported in the analysis of pollutants in air and extraction of analytes from urine samples [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The most developed methods to determine volatile biological indexes in urine samples are static or dynamic headspace and head space-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME).…”

Preparation of Carbotrap/silica composite for needle trap field sampling of halogenated volatile organic compounds followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination

“…Sorbents with a high surface area can offer a high efficiency for sampling of trace amounts of analytes. Previous reported studies have used different materials for the sampling and analysis of VOCs, such as carbon nanotubes [14], graphene [15], polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and divinylbenzene (DVB) [13], and polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube (PANI/MWCNT) [16].…”