Application of head flexion detection for enhancing eye gaze direction classification

Al‐Rahayfeh, Amer; Faezipour, Miad

doi:10.1109/embc.2014.6943753

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For the posture-correction controller, any sensed bending information must be interpreted precisely, despite such non-linearity. Therefore, from raw experimental observation data [12], a polynomial approximation was considered to establish the continuous relationship of the resistance R Flex of the flex sensor with respect to the bending angle. The polynomial function of the continuous resistance change R Flex (in order of KΩ) with respect to the bending angle θ • is given as…”

Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of an Automatic Air-Driven 3D-Printed Spinal Posture Corrector

et al. 2022

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Billions of people are using smartphones and computers with poor posture. A careless attitude towards spinal posture could be dangerous for long-term spinal health, leading eventually to curvature of the spine. Ignoring this fact and its treatment at the early stage will significantly deteriorate spinal health and force surgical intervention. Instead of developing an automated posture-correcting system, the existing research mostly focused on a posture-monitoring system to inform the users via a human interface, e.g., Bluetooth-based devices. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel posture-correction method to automatically prevent spinal disease by facilitating proper posture habits. Specifically, we develop a fluid-driven wearable posture corrector, whose skeleton can be fabricated simply using a 3D printer, to estimate angular posture deviation using sensors and provide appropriate assistance to correct the posture habit of the user. Mounted sensors provide the degree of postural bending, and a controller regulates the appropriate signals to provide a friendly pulling force as a reminder to the user through a fluid-driven actuator. The skeleton with a fluid-driven tool is designed to mimic the motion of the spinal posture by activating the actuator, which injects (or releases) the fluid into (or from) the skeleton frame and regulates forces to reduce the angular deviation of the skeleton. The 3D-printed skeleton with a flexible rubber tube has been experimentally evaluated to ensure proper actuating mechanism through the adjustment of air pressure. It is found that, by applying air pressure in the range of 0 to 101.4 kPa, the skeleton is pulled back approximately 1 N to 7 N forces, minimizing the angle up to 12.44∘ with respect to the initial steady stage, which leads to a maximum posture correction of 32.55% angle (θ) of poor posture. From the above experiments, we ensure the functionality of the proposed posture corrector in producing backward forces to correct the posture automatically.

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Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human posture monitoring and correcting disorders are highlighted by many researchers [3][4][5]7,[10][11][12]. In [3,10,13,14], wireless technology using posture and strain sensors was proposed to detect poor posture according to the threshold value and alert the user via smartphone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Automatic Air-Driven 3D-Printed Spinal Posture Corrector

et al. 2022

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“…Four RFSs were placed around the neck to obtain information about head flexion angle in [113], in order to recognize the head position in a project aimed to classify the eye gaze direction, comparing SVM, neural network and decision tree classifier outputs. Thanks to the introduction of the RFSs, at 20°head flexion the authors meaningfully enhanced the accuracy of the classification from 50% to 95%.…”

Section: Head and Torsomentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistive flex sensors: a survey

Saggio

Riillo

Sbernini

et al. 2015

Smart Mater. Struct.

140

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Resistive flex sensors can be used to measure bending or flexing with relatively little effort and a relativelylow budget. Their lightness, compactness, robustness, measurement effectiveness and low power consumption make these sensors useful for manifold applications in diverse fields.Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of resistive flex sensors, taking into account their working principles, manufacturing aspects, electrical characteristics and equivalent models, useful front-end conditioning circuitry, and physic-bio-chemical aspects. Particular effort is devoted to reporting on and analyzing several applications of resistive flex sensors, related to the measurement of body position and motion, and to the implementation of artificial devices. In relation to the human body, we consider the utilization of resistive flex sensors for the measurement of physical activity and for the development of interaction/interface devices driven by human gestures. Concerning artificial devices, we deal with applications related to the automotive field, robots, orthosis and prosthesis, musical instruments and measuring tools. The presented literature is collected from different sources, including bibliographic databases, company press releases, patents, master's theses and PhD theses.

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“…Circular Hough transform was used to detect iris location in the method by Amer Al-Rahayfeh [1]. In the method by Seung-Jin Baek, localization use isophote properties, shape of iris contour and center of iris [2].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iris detection for gaze tracking using video frames

Sheela

Abhinand

2015

2015 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC)

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The computation of gaze direction is important in modern interactive systems. The displays in real-time monitoring systems depend on spatial and temporal characteristics of eye movement. Research studies indicate the requirement for efficient and novel techniques in human computer interaction. A strong need for gaze tracking methods that eliminate initial setup and attune procedure is required. The pupil, iris and eye corners provide parametric data to determine gaze direction. Gaze tracking algorithm is initiated by iris localization. The approach of iris detection using frames captured from the video is significant for feature based gaze tracking. In this paper, the procedures for face and eye detection in visible light are discussed. The novel method discussed in this paper identify single face image appropriate for gaze tracking by elimination of multiple and non-face images. Iris detection is performed using Hough gradient method. The correctness rate of iris detection obtained is 95%.

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Application of head flexion detection for enhancing eye gaze direction classification

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

Development of an Automatic Air-Driven 3D-Printed Spinal Posture Corrector

Development of an Automatic Air-Driven 3D-Printed Spinal Posture Corrector

Resistive flex sensors: a survey

Iris detection for gaze tracking using video frames

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