Application of Heterogeneous Catalysis in Formic Acid-Based Hydrogen Cycle System

Abstract

H2 has aroused significant attention as an unpolluted and renewable energy carrier. However, the efficient storage and controllable release of H2 are urgent to be addressed. Through the hydrogenation of CO2 (bicarbonate) to produce formic acid (formate) and reverse dehydrogenation reactions, a carbon-neutral formic acid-based hydrogen cycle system can be established. Given the excellent recyclability and facile separation of heterogeneous catalysis, the development of heterogeneous catalysts for these reversible interconversions is thoroughly summarized, with a special focus on the structure–activity relationship and the mechanistic insight. Finally, the challenges and opportunities surrounding the formic acid-based hydrogen cycle system are discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide guidance and an idea for the design and development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the carbon-neutral H2 storage and release system.

Heterojunction catalysts for CO2–HCOOX interconversion cycles

“…38,43 Much effort has been contributed to develop efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the superior performance of the CO 2 –HCOOX interconversion reaction. 86,87 A typical Pd/AC catalyst is used for the hydrogenation of CO 2 to formate, making 1 kg of H 2 storage with saturated ammonium bicarbonate in 55 bar at 293 K within 2 h (Fig. 3).…”

Microenvironment Modulation of Single-Atom Ru in ZrSBA-15 for CO2 Hydrogenation to Formic Acid

“…Unfortunately, driving the CO 2 transformation process is extremely challenging due to its thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness. To improve the low reactivity of CO 2 hydrogenation to produce FA, various homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems have been widely evaluated, − among which heterogeneous catalytic systems are attracting ever-increasing attention owing to their economic and environmental feasibility as well as great industrialization prospect. Various heterogeneous catalysts based on Pd, Au, Ir, and Ru have been developed and display certain catalytic activities. − However, some of these heterogeneous catalysts suffer from a low catalytic performance.…”