Application of High-Density Optical Microwell Arrays in a Live-Cell Biosensing System

Taylor, Laura C.; Walt, David R.

doi:10.1006/abio.1999.4440

Cited by 88 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Through the high photonic pressure force from the focused laser beam, selected cells are ejected from the object plane and catapulted directly into a collection tube for further analysis. Optical cell arrays employ cells immobilized on optical fibers or waveguides, and absorbance, luminescence, or fluorescence signals are measured (95). The use of fiber optic arrays instead of automated digital microscopy can improve the overall throughput by 500-fold (96).…”

Section: Two-dimensional Cell Microarrays For Cell Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-on-a-Chip

Toner

Irimia²

2005

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

590

451

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Accurate, fast, and affordable analysis of the cellular component of blood is of prime interest for medicine and research. Yet, most often sample preparation procedures for blood analysis involve handling steps prone to introducing artifacts, whereas analysis methods commonly require skilled technicians and well-equipped, expensive laboratories. Developing more gentle protocols and affordable instruments for specific blood analysis tasks is becoming possible through the recent progress in the area of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip-type devices. Precise control over the cell microenvironment during separation procedures and the ability to scale down the analysis to very small volumes of blood are among the most attractive capabilities of the new approaches. Here we review some of the emerging principles for manipulating blood cells at microscale and promising high-throughput approaches to blood cell separation using microdevices. Examples of specific single-purpose devices are described together with integration strategies for blood cell separation and analysis modules.

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Section: Two-dimensional Cell Microarrays For Cell Sortingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood-on-a-Chip

Toner

Irimia²

2005

Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.

590

451

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“…The notable peaks at 1080, 960, 595, and 435 cm À1 correspond to typical phosphate and carbonate bonding 40,41 from the mineral phase. The most prominent peak at 960 cm…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanobiomechanics of Repair Bone Regenerated by Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Tai

Pelled²,

Sheyn³

et al. 2008

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), overexpressing a BMP gene, have been previously shown to be potent inducers of bone regeneration. However, little was known of the chemical and intrinsic nanomechanical properties of this engineered bone. A previous study utilizing microcomputed tomography, back-scattered electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, nanoindentation, and atomic force microscopy showed that engineered ectopic bone, although similar in chemical composition and topography, demonstrated an elastic modulus range (14.6-22.1 GPa) that was less than that of the native bone (16.6-38.5 GPa). We hypothesized that these results were obtained due to the specific conditions that exist in an intramuscular ectopic implantation site. Here, we implanted MSCs overexpressing BMP-2 gene in an orthotopic site, a nonunion radial bone defect, in mice. The regenerated bone tissue was analyzed using the same methods previously utilized. The samples revealed high similarity between the engineered and native radii in chemical structure and elemental composition. In contrast to the previous study, nanoindentation data showed that, in general, the native bone exhibited a statistically similar elastic modulus values compared to that of the engineered bone, while the hardness was found to be marginally statistically different at 1000 lN and statistically similar at 7000 lN. We hypothesize that external loading, osteogenic cytokines and osteoprogenitors that exist in a fracture site could enhance the maturation of engineered bone derived from BMP-modified MSCs. Further studies should determine whether longer duration periods postimplantation would lead to increased bone adaptation.

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“…Living bacteria, [61] yeast, [62] and mammalian cells [63,64] can be assembled by sedimentation into the microwells of an optical-fiber bundle. The microwell sizes can be adjusted by using fibers of different diameters to match the sizes of different cell types, which is necessary for cell assembly in the fiber array.…”

Section: Spatially Arranged Cell Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Chemistry on the Femtoliter Scale

Gorris

Walt

2010

Angew Chem Int Ed

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The compartmentalization of reactions in femtoliter (fL) containers and integration of fL containers into arrays not only enhances and accelerates chemical and biochemical analysis but also leads to new scientific methods and insights. This review introduces various fL container and array formats and explores their applications for the detection and characterization of biologically relevant analytes. By loading analytes, sensing elements, or cells into fL arrays, one can perform thousands of analytical measurements in parallel. Confining single enzyme molecules in fL arrays enables one to analyze large numbers of individual enzyme molecules simultaneously in solution. New nanofabrication techniques and progressively more sensitive detection methods drive the field of fL analytical chemistry. This review focuses on the progress and challenges in the field of fL analytical chemistry with examples of both basic and applied research.

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Application of High-Density Optical Microwell Arrays in a Live-Cell Biosensing System

Cited by 88 publications

References 40 publications

Blood-on-a-Chip

Blood-on-a-Chip

Nanobiomechanics of Repair Bone Regenerated by Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Analytical Chemistry on the Femtoliter Scale

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