Application of HPMCAS-coated Ctx(Ile²¹)-Ha peptide microparticles as a potential use to prevent systemic infection caused bySalmonellaEnteritidis in poultry

Abstract

The transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) in poultry is most often by the fecal-oral route, which can be attributed to the population density. Consequently, the pathogen triggers stress response and virulence factors deploying it to survive in hosts. Therefore, this study proposed to evaluate HPMCAS-coated microparticles containing the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha antimicrobial peptide against SE in laying hens chicks infection model to determine whether Ctx(Ile21)-Ha-utilization confers a benefit in the intestinal lumen, as well as whether limits systemic infection. Importantly, while assessing whether AMP utilization confers reduction of SE in liver, it was noted that there was statistical significance between groups A (control, no Ctx(Ile21)-Ha peptide) and B (2.5 mg of Ctx(Ile21)-Ha/kg) at 2 dpi, potentially indicating the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha effectiveness in the first stage of infection by SE. Remarkably, it was also detected a statistical significance (p -value <0.0001) with lower counts of SE (~ 0 CFU) in livers at 5, 7, and 14 dpi, regardless of Ctx(Ile21)-Ha dosage (2.5 mg or 5 mg/kg - group C). By using Chi-square test, the AMP effect on SE fecal excretion was evaluated. In this regard, it was noticed statistical significance (p < 0.05) among groups B and C in comparison with control group A, since those groups had lower bacterial excretion along 21 days. In summary, the role of HPMCAS-Ctx(Ile21)-Ha peptide microcapsules against S. Enteritidis in laying hen chicks infection model was unraveled, providing a satisfactory results against this pathogen.

HPMCP-Coated Microcapsules Containing the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha Antimicrobial Peptide Reduce the Mortality Rate Caused by Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis in Laying Hens

“…This confirms and corroborates that our developed microcapsules can satisfactorily contain and protect the Ctx(Ile 21 )-Ha AMP, as they also have an additional protective layer with HPMCP. This polymer is degraded only at intestinal pH used as a drug targeting, and which also protects microparticles and AMP from mechanical processes that could be subjected to in manufacturing or by the gizzard [ 11 , 19 ].…”

“…An interesting feature of AMPs is that they can generate a minimal level of bacterial resistance [ 10 ]. As a result of these attractive characteristics, AMP application in poultry as a feed additive is promising, but challenging [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Challenge in the Discovery of New Drugs: Antimicrobial Peptides against WHO-List of Critical and High-Priority Bacteria

“…The difficulty in being applied to biological systems lies in the degradation and denaturation caused by biomolecules, such as proteolytic enzymes, and the gastric environment, as peptides and proteins can be hydrolyzed during their transport through the gastrointestinal tract when they are administered mainly orally [ 118 ]. This challenge has been deeply investigated through the use of protection and drug delivery technologies, such as micro and nanotechnology, with promising results for the development of new drugs [ 119 , 120 ].…”

HPMCP-coated microcapsules containing the Ctx(Ile21)-Ha antimicrobial peptide reduces the mortality rate caused by resistantSalmonellaEnteritidis in poultry

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 29, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.29.437537 doi: bioRxiv preprint erate a minimal level of bacterial resistance (Malekkhaiat Häffner and Malmsten, 2019). As a result of these attractive characteristics, AMPs application in poultry as a feed additive is promising (Kogut et al, 2013;Roque Borda et al, 2020, 2021bSilveira et al, 2021).…”