Application of immunoassays for the herbicides, molinate and diuron, to field water analysis

Guihot, S. L.; Skerritt, John H.; Thomas, Martin; Korth, Wolfgang

doi:10.1080/09540109609354915

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A volume of water was extracted from the center of the glass tube and diluted by a factor of 100 for analysis. Diuron in the water was quantified by immunoassay (e.g., Guihot et al, 1996; Lee et al, 1995) using a commercial test kit (Envirogard urea herbicide plate kit, Strategic Diagnostics, Newark, DE). The calibrators for the test kit were for chlortoluron [3‐(3‐chloro‐p‐tolyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea], but the reactivity of diuron is very close to that of chlortoluron and the kit manual provides for a correction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diuron in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage from Two Grass‐Seed Fields

et al. 2006

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The typical method of cool-season grass-seed production in Mediterranean climates briefly exposes surface waters to potentially high concentrations of the herbicide diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea] during the initial season of growth. To better understand the process, and the degree, of diuron transport from agricultural fields, two grass-seed fields in the Willamette Valley of Oregon were monitored for diuron loss in surface runoff and tile drainage during the first wet season after planting. Initial diuron concentrations in surface runoff were high (>1000 microg L(-1) in one field and >100 microg L(-1) in the other), though they decreased by two orders of magnitude by the end of the season. Concentrations in the tile drains were as much as 1000 times lower than in the surface runoff during the first few weeks of runoff events, and they remained lower than surface water concentrations throughout the season. Total losses in surface runoff were between 1.3 and 3% of the amount applied-much higher than losses via the tile drains. It is also shown by means of a simple first-order decay model that, when little information is available, it may be best to describe diuron depletion in runoff water as a function of cumulative rainfall during the wet season.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diuron in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage from Two Grass‐Seed Fields

et al. 2006

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“…The recoveries were determined relative to standard curves prepared in purified water (Figure 1). Although previous studies (Hill et al, 1994;Lee et ai, 1995a,b;Guihot et al, 1996) had shown that quantitative recoveries were obtained in analysis of spikes within 60 min of spiking, recoveries for the two most turbid samples for chlorpyrifos and the most turbid sample for molinate were significantly lower than in purified water. This apparent dis- crepancy is probably due to one or more of four factors.…”

Section: Immunoassay Of Residues In Unfiltered Turbid Watermentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The microwell immunoassays used in this study and their ranges of detection have been described elsewhere: (1) endosulfan (assay 2 described in Lee et al, 1995a), detection between 0.2 and 10 fig I" 1 in water; (2) chlorpyrifos (Hill et al, 1994), 0.05-5 /ig I" 1 in water (the chlorpyrifos analyses utilized a new, more stable peroxidase conjugate prepared using a triclopyr hapten (J. H. Skerritt and R. J. Haseler, unpublished)); (3) molinate (Guihot et al, 1996), 0.5-20 fig I" 1 in water; (4) diuron, which was performed using two different assays, that of Lee et al (1995b) (detection range 0.01-1 fig 1" ') for initial studies on adsorption to different membranes, and that of Guihot et al (1996) (detection range 0.2-10 /ig 1" ' of diuron) for latter studies with turbid water. Analyses of these compounds, when spiked into water samples immediately before determinations, were not significantly affected by the turbidity (Hill et al, 1994;Lee et al, 1995a,b;Guihot et al, 1996).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoanalysis and separation of dissolved from particle‐bound pesticide residues

Lee

Skerritt

1998

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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A small-volume filtration method was developed for use in the analysis of total, bound and dissolved residues of four agrochemicals which differed in physico-chemical properties, in turbid water. Low immunoassay recoveries of molinate, chlorpyrifos and endosulfan (but not diuron) in highly turbid water samples suggested that the antibodies were unable to recognize particle-bound residues. However, in samples of moderate or low turbidity, the results indicated that the data obtained by immunoassay s may approximate the total residue load in samples, especially if the samples are filtered through a non-absorptive membrane. The adsorption pattern of each membrane was different for each pesticide, and related to their water solubilities and partition coefficients. A syringe filter with an aluminium oxide membrane was more suitable than one with cellulose acetate, polyvinylidene difluoride or polytetrafluoroethylene for filtration of small volumes of water for separation of the dissolved residues, and removal of the residue that desorbed during filtration, without losses of the pesticide on to the membrane. This method should facililate ecotoxicological analysis by enabling the direct analysis of agrochemicals by immunoassay in field water samples.

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Immunoassays

Wang¹,

Kennedy²,

Skerritt³

2002

Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals

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The development and application of specific immunoassays is reviewed, as a complementary method to instrumental methods such as gas–liquid chromatography or high‐performance liquid chromatography. The simplicity of performing immunoassay methods, and their high detection sensitivity is traded off by the greater effort required for method development. In some (but not all) cases, immunoassay methods may be lower in precision than instrumental methods, but higher sample throughput may allow more analysis of a larger number of subsamples. The review describes the steps in the development of immunoassays for agrochemicals (including design and synthesis of haptens, conjugation to carrier proteins and enzymes, antibody production and immunoassay formats), application of immunoassays to a wide range of agrochemicals and immunoassay validation. The application of assays to food and environmental sample matrices and the need to overcome sample matrix interference is reviewed.

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Application of immunoassays for the herbicides, molinate and diuron, to field water analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Diuron in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage from Two Grass‐Seed Fields

Diuron in Surface Runoff and Tile Drainage from Two Grass‐Seed Fields

Immunoanalysis and separation of dissolved from particle‐bound pesticide residues

Immunoassays

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