Application of Immunohistochemical Staining to Detect Antigen Destruction as a Measure of Tissue Damage

Abstract

During the late 19th century, a number of dye types were used in early microscopic investigations of simple plant and tissue materials (Cook 1997). These included (1) hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) used separately, (2) picric acid and carmine used concurrently, and, finally, (3) the combination of H&E (Cook 1997;Gill 2010). The H&E staining method evolved rapidly into a traditional staining standard used for morphological study within histology and cytology settings throughout the world (Cook 1997;Shi et al. 2011;Gill 2010). This standard staining technique is well known within the histopathology and cytopathology communities. The hematoxylin stains nuclei, nucleic acids, and other cellular components (such as keratohyalin granules) blue in color, while eosin normally stains both extracellular and cytoplasmic proteins red. As such, H&E is particularly useful in identifying morphological changes valuable in the diagnosis of cancer and other disease states. There are many H&E protocols available, with selection of the most appropriate being subject to the needs and setting of the investigation (Sullivan-Brown et al. 2011 AbstractElectrocautery and directed energy devices (DEDs)

Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia Increase Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Brain Amyloid Deposition: Beneficial Effects of the LpPLA2 Inhibitor Darapladib

“…Sections were incubated in appropriate blocking serum and then treated with primary antibodies [biotinylated anti-swine IgG (Vector Laboratories, Inc., Burlingame, CA; Catalogue BA-9020, dilution 1 : 100) or anti-A␤ 42 (Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA; Catalogue # AB5078P; dilution 1 : 50)] for 1 h at room temperature. The specificity of the antibodies used has already been verified [48][49][50]. After a thorough rinse in PBS, sections probed with anti-A␤ 42 were then probed with biotin-labeled secondary antibody (anti-rabbit IgG, Vector Laboratories, Inc.;…”

Chondroprotective effects of multiple PRP injections in osteoarthritis by apoptosis regulation and increased aggrecan synthesis- Immunohistochemistry based Guinea pig study

“…Tissue damage resulting in cell death can occur without observable morphological changes, and this may not be revealed through routine histological methods. 23 That is why in the current study, IHC was used to evaluate both cellular and acellular components of hyaline cartilage separately. IHC provides more in-depth information on a particular sample, plus more detailed information on the presence and localization of certain substances (normal or abnormal) in cells or tissues, as well as number of molecules.…”

Prognostic Value of PET/CT and ALDH1 in Pancreatic Cancer and Correlation of Standardized Uptake Values with Clinical Characteristics and Survival

“…The immunoreaction was evaluated according to the estimated staining intensity according to the following parameter: 0 = no staining, + = weak staining, ++ = moderate staining, +++ = strong staining, and ++++ = very strong staining. 0 and + are considered negative (low level) while ++, +++ and ++++ are considered positive (high level) [13] .…”