Application of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Miao, Lele; Zhang, Zhengchao; Ren, Zhijian; Li, Yumin

doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.699060

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…The liver has a complex immune microenvironment, and immunosuppressive cells in the tumor tissue can promote HCC tolerance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which are one of the key components maintaining the immunosuppressive microenvironment of HCC, can facilitate tumor growth [ 77 ]. Therefore, remodeling the microenvironment of tumors could be a therapeutic strategy for anti-tumor immune responses [ 76 ].…”

Section: Polysaccharides In Different Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases

Ren

Song

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Liver disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver injuries can develop into severe end-stage diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, without valid treatment. Therefore, identifying novel drugs may promote liver disease treatment. Phytochemicals, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, are abundant in foods and medicinal plants and have various bioactivities, such as antioxidation, immunoregulation, and tumor killing. Recent studies have shown that many natural polysaccharides play protective roles in liver disease models in vitro and in vivo, such as fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, and liver cancer. The mechanisms of liver disease are complex. Notably, ferroptosis, a new type of cell death driven by iron and lipid peroxidation, is considered to be the key mechanism in many hepatic pathologies. Therefore, polysaccharides and other types of phytochemicals with activities in ferroptosis regulation provide novel therapeutic strategies for ferroptosis-related liver diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of ferroptosis and liver injury and compelling preclinical evidence of natural bioactive polysaccharides and phytochemicals in treating liver disease.

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Section: Polysaccharides In Different Liver Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases

Ren

Song

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 75%-90% of primary liver tumours [1][2][3][4]. Hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocellular carcinoma, and a mixture of both are the three main common types of primary liver cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of adoptive cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

2023

Immunology

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a global health challenge. Novel treatment modalities are urgently needed to extend the overall survival of patients. The liver plays an immunomodulatory function due to its unique physiological structural characteristics. Therefore, following surgical resection and radiotherapy, immunotherapy regimens have shown great potential in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Adoptive cell immunotherapy is rapidly developing in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we summarize the latest research on adoptive immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The focus is on chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐T cells and T cell receptor (TCR) engineered T cells. Then tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), natural killer (NK) cells, cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells, and macrophages are briefly discussed. The main overview of the application and challenges of adoptive immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. It aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the current status of HCC adoptive immunotherapy and offers some strategies. We hope to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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“…Presently, the studies are predominantly concentrated upon figuring out the role of individual inflammation-associated genes on HCC progression and prognosis (21)(22)(23)(24)(25). In addition, inflammation-associated genes are often deemed as therapeutic targets for tumors since exploring the relevance between inflammation-associated genes and tumor immune status may conduce to further integration of targeted therapy and immunotherapy (26,27).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inflammation-related gene landscape predicts prognosis and response to immunotherapy in virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

Gao

Liu²,

Huang³

2023

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundDue to the viral infection, chronic inflammation significantly increases the likelihood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Nevertheless, an inflammation-based signature aimed to predict the prognosis and therapeutic effect in virus-related HCC has rarely been established.MethodBased on the integrated analysis, inflammation-associated genes (IRGs) were systematically assessed. We comprehensively investigated the correlation between inflammation and transcriptional profiles, prognosis, and immune cell infiltration. Then, an inflammation-related risk model (IRM) to predict the overall survival (OS) and response to treatment for virus-related HCC patients was constructed and verified. Also, the potential association between IRGs and tumor microenvironment (TME) was investigated. Ultimately, hub genes were validated in plasma samples and cell lines via qRT-PCR. After transfection with shCCL20 combined with overSLC7A2, morphological change of SMMC7721 and huh7 cells was observed. Tumorigenicity model in nude mouse was established.ResultsAn inflammatory response-related gene signature model, containing MEP1A, CCL20, ADORA2B, TNFSF9, ICAM4, and SLC7A2, was constructed by conjoint analysis of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and gaussian finite mixture model (GMM). Besides, survival analysis attested that higher IRG scores were positively relevant to worse survival outcomes in virus-related HCC patients, which was testified by external validation cohorts (the ICGC cohort and GSE84337 dataset). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses commonly proved that the IRG was an independent prognostic factor for virus-related HCC patients. Thus, a nomogram with clinical factors and IRG was also constructed to superiorly predict the prognosis of patients. Featured with microsatellite instability-high, mutation burden, and immune activation, lower IRG score verified a superior OS for sufferers. Additionally, IRG score was remarkedly correlated with the cancer stem cell index and drug susceptibility. The measurement of plasma samples further validated that CCL20 upexpression and SLC7A2 downexpression were positively related with virus-related HCC patients, which was in accord with the results in cell lines. Furthermore, CCL20 knockdown combined with SLC7A2 overexpression availably weakened the tumor growth in vivo.ConclusionsCollectively, IRG score, serving as a potential candidate, accurately and stably predicted the prognosis and response to immunotherapy in virus-related HCC patients, which could guide individualized treatment decision-making for the sufferers.

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Application of Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Cited by 15 publications

References 147 publications

The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases

The Regulatory Roles of Polysaccharides and Ferroptosis-Related Phytochemicals in Liver Diseases

Application of adoptive cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma

An inflammation-related gene landscape predicts prognosis and response to immunotherapy in virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

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