Application of in-situ measurement to determine 137Cs in the Swiss Alps

Schaub, Monika; Konz, Nadine; Meusburger, Katrin; Alewell, Christine

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.02.005

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The proportion of the 137 Cs Chernobyl input at our study site was estimated to be at 50.2±10.0 %. In comparison to the average value of Chernobyl contribution in the Swiss Alps which was found to be between 75% (Meusburger et al, 2018) to 80% (Schaub et al, 2010;Alewell et al, 2014), the contribution found in our site was notably less.…”

Section: Change Of Physicochemical Properties Of Soils Due To Land-use Change and Soil Erosioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area

Khodadadi

Alewell

Mirzaei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. Deforestation for farming and grazing purposes has become a global challenge. To study the impact of deforestation on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties, Zarivar Lake watershed, Kurdestan Province, Iran, was selected. Converting the steep hillslopes naturally under oak forest to rainfed vineyards has been one of the most common land-use changes in the area. We used 137Cs and 210Pbex radionuclides and quantified the Chernobyl-derived 137Cs fallout with 239+240Pu. The soil samples were collected from two adjacent and similar hillslopes, one of which is under natural forest, while the other is under rainfed vineyard. Using 137Cs/239+240Pu rates and a simple unmixing of the 137Cs sources indicated that 50.2 ± 10.0 % of 137Cs was Chernobyl-derived. The mean reference inventory values of 137Cs, 210Pbex, and 239+240Pu were estimated to be at 6152 ± 1266, 6079 ± 1511, and 135 ± 31 Bq m−2, respectively. At the forested hillslope, net soil erosion rates based on 137Cs, and 210Pbex, techniques were estimated to be at 5.0 and 5.9 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively, resulting in Sediment Delivery Ratios (SDRs) of 96 and 70 %. However, at the vineyard hillslope, the net soil redistribution rates were at 25.9 and 32.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1 for 137Cs and 210Pbex, respectively, resulting in respective SDRs of around 95 and 92 %. Both 137Cs and 210Pbex indicated that as a result of deforestation, soil erosion has increased by approximately five times. Percolation Stabilities (PS) in forest and vineyard topsoil are about 309 and 160 gr H2O 600 s−1 classified as rapid and moderate PSs, respectively. Rapid PS in forest soil implies high aggregate stability, whereas moderate PS in vineyard soils indicates that they are generally weakly-structured. All in all, the results of the present study revealed that deforestation and converting natural vegetation to cropland prompted soil loss and deteriorated physicochemical properties of the soil.

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Section: Change Of Physicochemical Properties Of Soils Due To Land-use Change and Soil Erosioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area

Khodadadi

Alewell

Mirzaei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…More than 90% of the 137 Cs inventory was concentrated in the top 10 cm of surface soil across the entire hillslope (Figure 4); this finding is consistent with previous reports that 137 Cs is concentrated at depths of less than 10 cm (Nakanishi et al, 2014;Takahashi et al, 2015Takahashi et al, , 2018. The estimated amount of 137 The larger 137 Cs inventory observed in downslope areas in this study (Figure 5) differed from the reported pattern of a higher air dose rate at higher elevation on a forested hillslope (Atarashi-Ando et al, 2015;Schaub et al, 2010). Previous studies have suggested that the differences in the spatial distribution pattern of air dose rate were mainly due to differences in initial deposition, and the initial level of 137 Cs deposition tends to increase with elevation, and that vegetation type affects the initial spatial distribution on the ground (Atarashi-Ando et al, 2015;Schaub et al, 2010).…”

Section: Observed 137 Cs Inventory On the Hillslopesupporting

confidence: 91%

Redistribution of the soil ¹³⁷Cs inventory through litter and sediment transport on a hillslope covered by deciduous forest in Fukushima, Japan

Oda

Hotta

Miura

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The long‐term behaviour of radiocaesium (137Cs) activity concentrations in forest ecosystems and their downstream impacts remain important issues in the deciduous broadleaf forests of Fukushima, Japan following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. To predict 137Cs cycling and discharge in the forest ecosystem, it is important to understand the spatial dynamics of the 137Cs inventory and transport along hillslopes. Therefore, we observed the spatial distribution of the 137Cs inventory and 137Cs transport via sediment and litter of a deciduous forest hillslope in Fukushima, Japan in 2016 and 2017 and examined how the spatial distribution of 137Cs inventory was formed using a mass balance model. In 2017, the 137Cs activity concentration was significantly greater in the downslope riparian area (455 kBq/m2) than in the upslope ridge area (179 kBq/m2). Annual 137Cs transport within litter and sediment contributed <0.5% to the current 137Cs inventory and cannot explain the current spatial variation of 137Cs inventory on the hillslope. The mass balance model results showed that if the initial 137Cs deposition was distributed uniformly in 2011, the spatial distribution of the hillslope 137Cs inventory was influenced mainly by the movement of leaf litter with a high 137Cs activity concentration.

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“…3), indicating a predominant contribution 206 of soil radiocesium to the air dose rates at 1 m height (where the air dose rates were also 207 measured by the KURAMA-II). A few outliers can be found in Figure 3, which may be 208 due to high spatial variation in radiocesium deposition to the soil even over a small area 209 (Schaub et al, 2010). Another potential cause for the outliers is a larger contribution of 210 gamma rays from tree canopies at the measurement points.…”

Section: Topography 123mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catchment-scale distribution of radiocesium air dose rate in a mountainous deciduous forest and its relation to topography

Atarashi-Andoh

Koarashi

Takeuchi

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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(M. Atarashi-Andoh). Highlights (3 to 5 bullet points, maximum 85 characters per bullet point)• Spatial variation in air dose rates in a mountainous area was investigated• Measurements obtained by KURAMA-II, NaI detectors, and airborne surveys were compared• Radiocesium deposition was greater on ridges than in valley bottoms• Elevation and slope aspect strongly affected air dose rates 1 Catchment-scale distribution of radiocesium air dose rate in a mountainous 1 deciduous forest and its relation to topography 2 3 Abstract 4 A large number of air dose rate measurements were collected by walking through a 5

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Application of in-situ measurement to determine 137Cs in the Swiss Alps

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area

Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area

Redistribution of the soil ¹³⁷Cs inventory through litter and sediment transport on a hillslope covered by deciduous forest in Fukushima, Japan

Catchment-scale distribution of radiocesium air dose rate in a mountainous deciduous forest and its relation to topography

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Application of in-situ measurement to determine 137Cs in the Swiss Alps

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area

Deforestation effects on soil erosion rates and soil physicochemical properties in Iran: a case study of using fallout radionuclides in a Chernobyl contaminated area

Redistribution of the soil 137Cs inventory through litter and sediment transport on a hillslope covered by deciduous forest in Fukushima, Japan

Catchment-scale distribution of radiocesium air dose rate in a mountainous deciduous forest and its relation to topography

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Redistribution of the soil ¹³⁷Cs inventory through litter and sediment transport on a hillslope covered by deciduous forest in Fukushima, Japan