Application of INAA to the build-up and clearance of gold nanoshells in clinical studies in mice

Peptide immobilized on gold particles enhances cell growth

“…In fact, colloidal gold has been safely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis for half a century (Root et al 1954;Merchant 1998). Recent work has indicated that pegylated gold nanoparticles (colloidal gold particles coated with a protective layer of polyethylene glycol [PEG]) exhibit excellent in vivo biodistribution and pharmacokinetic properties after systemic injection (Paciotti et al 2006;James et al 2007;Qian et al 2008).…”

Novel biocompatible nanoreactor for silica/gold hybrid nanoparticles preparation

“…In particular, new hybrid nanocomposites consisting of dielectric SiO 2 and Au show strong optical resonance in a wide region (from visible to near-infrared) of the electromagnetic spectrum [9][10][11]. This property makes them promising building blocks with many biomedical applications, such as in biological imaging [12,13], thermal ablative cancer therapy [14,15], immunoassays, and photothermally activated drug delivery [16]. These SiO 2 /Au hybrid particles are biologically inert [17] and have low toxicity [18].…”

Probing nanoantenna-directed photothermal destruction of tumors using noninvasive laser irradiation

“…The use of plasmonic nanomaterials in photothermal therapy of tumors has received increasing attention over the past few years, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] primarily because of the directivity, specificity, and nonintrusive nature of the underlying treatment protocol. Tumor-targeted nanoantennas are ideally suited for many of these applications.…”

“…These nanoantennas exploit the geometrically tunable surface plasmon resonance ͑SPR͒ phenomenon of metal nanoparticles, whereby external electromagnetic fields can induce the resonant oscillation of nanoparticle free electrons and allow efficient photothermal conversion of the nonradiative extinction component to heat through electron-electron and electron-phonon relaxation mechanisms. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Further, surface-modification of nanostructured plasmonic materials with polymers and targeting ligands has enabled those to evade rapid clearance from the blood stream and intravenously target tumors via unique biological tumor characteristics, thereby enabling highly specific heating of tumor cells under laser irradiation with wavelengths overlapping the nanoparticle SPR absorption regime. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] While preclinical tests with tumor-targeted nanoantennas have produced impressive results, 10 few efforts have been made to quantitatively model and predict four-dimensional temperature gradients 11 in tumors and neighboring tissues.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Further, surface-modification of nanostructured plasmonic materials with polymers and targeting ligands has enabled those to evade rapid clearance from the blood stream and intravenously target tumors via unique biological tumor characteristics, thereby enabling highly specific heating of tumor cells under laser irradiation with wavelengths overlapping the nanoparticle SPR absorption regime. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] While preclinical tests with tumor-targeted nanoantennas have produced impressive results, 10 few efforts have been made to quantitatively model and predict four-dimensional temperature gradients 11 in tumors and neighboring tissues. Previously, we developed a photothermal heating model where, on system spatiotemporal scales, the details of nanoantenna energy conversion were abstracted with predefined tuning parameters prescribed in terms of macroscopic tissue absorption and scattering coefficients, 12 with an intention of mimicking the underlying microscale interactions in an upscaled physical limit by appealing to the gross consequences of the pertinent photothermal interactions.…”