Application of Ion-Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles for Selective Trace Determination of Palladium Ions in Food and Environmental Samples with the Aid of Experimental Design Methodology

Abstract

A solid phase extraction method using Pd 2+ ionimprinted polymer (Pd 2+ -IIP) nanoparticles combined with flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) was developed for the preconcentration and trace detection of palladium ions. The Pd 2+ -IIP nanoparticles were obtained by precipitation polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (the functional monomer), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (the cross-linker), 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (the initiator), Eriochrome Cyanine R (the lead-binding ligand), and palladium ions (the template ion) in acetonitrile solution. The parameters affecting adsorption and desorption steps were optimized by a Box-Behnken design through response surface methodology. Three variables (pH value, extraction time, and amount of the synthesized IIP) were selected as the main factors affecting sorption step, while four variables (type of eluent, volume of the eluent, concentration of the eluent, and elution time) were selected for desorption step in the optimization study. The optimized values by this optimization method were 30 mg, 15 min, 6.0, HCl, 4.0 mL, 1.8 mol L -l HCl, and 14 min, for amount of polymer, retention time, pH of solution, type, volume, concentration of the eluent, and elution time, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limit for the proposed method was found to be 0.2 μg L −1 , while the relative standard deviation (RSD) for five replicate measurements was calculated to be <3 %. Finally, the introduced solid phase extraction technique was successfully applied for extraction and determination of Pd 2+ ions in food and environmental samples.

Synthesis of a molecularly imprinted polymer on mSiO2@Fe3O4 for the selective adsorption of atrazine

“…Ordered mesoporous materials have gained much attention in the field of separation [19]. The integration of surface-imprinting technology with mesoporous materials can provide MIP with high-binding capacity and short equilibrium time [20,21].…”

Modification of Carbon Paste Electrode Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Electrochemical Determination of Diazinon in Biological and Environmental Samples

“…Modified electrodes are being used in the electrochemical determination of many compounds. Molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) can be used as recognition elements or modifying agents in sensors structure to increase their selectivity . A MIP is a high selective synthetic receptor with molecular adsorption sites that serves high specificity and selectivity for analyte of interest.…”

Solid-phase extraction based on a molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective determination of four benzophenones in tap and river water

“…Among these applications, molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction (MISPE) is a very desirable technique for selective extraction and purification of analytes from various complex matrices. Nowadays, many researchers or scientists have transferred their research emphasis to molecular imprinting from the polymer preparation to the applications in SPE . To the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the use of molecularly imprinted polymers as SPE sorbents in the sample preparation of BP UV‐filters.…”