Application of IR and UV–VIS spectroscopies and multivariate analysis for the classification of waste vegetable oils

Mannu, Alberto; Poddighe, Matteo; Garroni, Sebastiano; Malfatti, Luca

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2021.106088

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As reported for similar matrixes such as frying oils [16] or wines [17], in such cases Looking at Figure 4 it is evident that the PCA tool is suitable to distinguish between extracts obtained at different temperatures. Control samples results are superposed to the 40 • C group.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

“…As reported for similar matrixes such as frying oils [16] or wines [17], in such cases where the number of variables is higher than the number of observations, Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) can allow suitable clusters for classification purposes [18,19]. In Figure 5, the corresponding PLS-DA plot is reported.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Nevertheless, much hidden information can be extracted from raw spectroscopic data by means of multivariate statistical analysis. This approach has already been used for other food matrices [16], in particular, beverages [17]. The raw data of each UV-VIS spectra were processed with the statistical online tool MetaboAnalyst 5.0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification of Pummelo (Citrus grandis) Extracts through UV-VIS-Based Chemical Fingerprint

et al. 2022

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Cold extraction methods with ethanol applied to the flavedo of Citrus fruits have been commonly applied for the preparation of several liquors. In order to obtain the extraction optimization and then the best ratio of functional ingredients in the extract, the flavedo of Citrus grandis Osbeck (pummelo) was subjected to a maceration with absolute ethanol at room temperature as well as at 40 °C. The kinetics of the extraction methods were monitored by UV–VIS spectroscopy, and a chemical fingerprint characteristic of each extract was determined by statistical multivariate analysis of the UV–VIS raw data. Additionally, the extracts were qualitatively characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as by solid phase micro extraction followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). NMR analysis confirmed the presence of the typical flavanones of Citrus such as naringin and naringenin, while the GC/MS analysis showed that the headspace of the liquor is characterized by two main compounds represented by β-myrcene and limonene. At the end, the temperature seems to not affect the time of extraction, which is complete after 25 h; however, UV–VIS-based multivariate analysis revealed that a different overall chemical composition is obtained depending on the temperature, probably due to the extraction of minor chemicals as well as due to different levels of the same compounds in the two extracts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Classification of Pummelo (Citrus grandis) Extracts through UV-VIS-Based Chemical Fingerprint

et al. 2022

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“…The ultraviolet spectral data were obtained by a Shimadzu UV-1601 spectrophotometer (Tokyo, Japan). UV-Vis spectroscopy is concerned with the absorption of radiation in the ultraviolet and visible spectra and mostly used for quantitative analysis [ 35 ]. This radiation permits electrons in atoms or molecules to shift from lower to higher energy levels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnopharmacological Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Murraya koenigii on Rotenone-Exposed D. melanogaster: An Attenuation of Cellular, Biochemical, and Organismal Markers

et al. 2022

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Natural antioxidants derived from plants have been proven to have significant inhibitory effects on the free radicals of living organisms during actively metabolization. Excessive production of free radicals increases the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and motor sclerosis. This study aimed to compare the ethnopharmacological effects of Urtica dioica (UD), Matricaria chamomilla (MC), and Murraya koenigii (MK) on the amelioration of rotenone-induced toxicity in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R+) at biochemical, cellular, and behavioral levels. Phytoextracts were prepared from all three plants, i.e., UD, MC, and MK (aqueous and ethanolic fractions), and their bioactive compounds were evaluated using in vitro biochemical parameters (DPPH, ABTS, TPC, and TFC), UV-Vis, followed by FT-IR and HPLC. Third instar larvae and freshly eclosed flies were treated with 500 µM rotenone alone or in combination with UD, MC, and MK for 24 to 120 h. Following exposure, cytotoxicity (dye exclusion test), biochemical (protein estimation and acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays), and behavioral assays (climbing and jumping assays) were performed. Among all three plant extracts, MK exhibited the highest antioxidant properties due to the highest TPC, TFC, DPPH, and ABTS, followed by UD, then MC. The overall trend was MK > UD > MC. In this context, ethnopharmacological properties mimic the same effect in Drosophila, exhibiting significantly (p < 0.05) reduced cytotoxicity (trypan blue), improved biochemical parameters (proteotoxicity and AChE activity), and better behavioral parameters in the organisms cotreated with phyto extracts compared with rotenone. Conclusively, UV-Vis, FTIR, and HPLC analyses differentiated the plant extracts. The findings of this research may be beneficial in the use of select herbs as viable sources of phyto-ingredients that could be of interest in nutraceutical development and various clinical applications.

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“…Chemometric tools are powerful techniques for classifying and evaluating the quality of food products. Among them, principal component analysis (PCA) allows for the identification of properties that are involved in the classification of the samples, as well as for the identification of their similarities/dissimilarities, and adulterations or degradations [ 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ]. There are applications of PCA and other multivariate statistical techniques to the classification and evaluation of the quality and adulteration of vegetable and animal products [ 58 , 59 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR–PCA Approach on Raw and Thermally Processed Chicken Lipids Stabilized by Nano-Encapsulation in β-Cyclodextrin

Hădărugă

Chirilă

Szakal

et al. 2022

Foods

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This study evaluated similarities/dissimilarities of raw and processed chicken breast and thigh lipids that were complexed by β-cyclodextrin, using a combined FTIR–PCA technique. Lipid fractions were analyzed as non-complexed and β-cyclodextrin-complexed samples via thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and ATR-FTIR. The lipid complexation reduced the water content to 7.67–8.33%, in comparison with the β-cyclodextrin hydrate (~14%). The stabilities of the complexes and β-cyclodextrin were almost the same. ATR-FTIR analysis revealed the presence of important bands that corresponded to the C=O groups (1743–1744 cm−1) in both the non-complexed and nano-encapsulated lipids. Furthermore, the bands that corresponded to the vibrations of double bonds corresponding to the natural/degraded (cis/trans) fatty acids in lipids appeared at 3008–3011 and 938–946 cm−1, respectively. The main FTIR bands that were involved in the discrimination of raw and processed chicken lipids, and of non-complexed and complexed lipids, were evaluated with PCA. The shifting of specific FTIR band wavenumbers had the highest influence, especially vibrations of the α(1→4) glucosidic bond in β-cyclodextrin for PC1, and CH2/3 groups from lipids for PC2. This first approach on β-cyclodextrin nano-encapsulation of chicken lipids revealed the possibility to stabilize poultry fatty components for further applications in various ingredients for the food industry.

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Application of IR and UV–VIS spectroscopies and multivariate analysis for the classification of waste vegetable oils

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Classification of Pummelo (Citrus grandis) Extracts through UV-VIS-Based Chemical Fingerprint

Classification of Pummelo (Citrus grandis) Extracts through UV-VIS-Based Chemical Fingerprint

Ethnopharmacological Effects of Urtica dioica, Matricaria chamomilla, and Murraya koenigii on Rotenone-Exposed D. melanogaster: An Attenuation of Cellular, Biochemical, and Organismal Markers

FTIR–PCA Approach on Raw and Thermally Processed Chicken Lipids Stabilized by Nano-Encapsulation in β-Cyclodextrin

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