Application of Istiṣḥāb and Istiḥsān in Islamic Law of Inheritance: An Analytical Study

Abstract

This paper explores the application of the Islamic jurisprudential principles of Istiṣḥāb (presumption of continuity) and Istiḥsān (juristic preference) within the realm of Islamic inheritance law (Mirāth). The methodology involves a conceptual discourse that explains Istiṣḥāb as the presumption that a previous state or ruling continues to remain valid unless proven otherwise, and Istiḥsān as the departure from strict analogical reasoning (qiyās) or text towards stronger evidence or interpretation that better aligns with the objectives (Maqāṣid) of Sharīʿah. This is followed by a detailed analysis of their application in various inheritance cases, including mass fatalities, obligatory bequests (Waṣiyyah Wājibah), and the inheritance rights of hermaphrodites and fetuses, among others. The research problem revolves around demonstrating how these principles facilitate juristic reasoning (ijtihād) in Mirāth, enabling the law to adapt to evolving familial structures and contemporary challenges, given the inadequate scholarly focus on their comprehensive application in modern contexts. The key research findings include the adaptability of Mirāth to societal changes, the ability to address complex scenarios, and balancing between rigidity and flexibility. It lays a good foundation for future research.