Application of Kaolin and Italian Natural Chabasite-Rich Zeolitite to Mitigate the Effect of Global Warming in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese

Abstract

High temperatures and the anomalous distribution of rainfall during the growing season may have a negative impact on grapevine yield and berry composition. In recent years, many studies have focused on the application of agronomical techniques to reduce the negative impact of heat waves on secondary metabolites such as phenols. In particular, treatments with kaolin have shown positive effects on reducing canopy temperatures, enhancing the accumulation of anthocyanins. In regard to the above, three treatments were evaluated: untreated control (C), kaolin (CAO), and chabasite-rich zeolitites (ZEO) applications on cv. Sangiovese in order to verify the cooling effects on leaves and bunches, and the impact on gas exchange, yield parameters, berry composition, and on both chemical and sensory notes of wine. Minerals were sprayed twice around the veraison on the entire canopy at a 3% concentration. The results showed that the application of the minerals was able to reduce the berry temperatures in both years of the trial as compared to the untreated control (C), without affecting vine gas exchange, yield, and soluble solid accumulation. Furthermore, the cooling effect determined an increase in anthocyanin on both the grapes and the wine. At testing, CAO and ZEO wines stood out regarding greater color intensity and were preferred by the judges.

Mitigation of High-Temperature Damage by Application of Kaolin and Pinolene on Young Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.): A Preliminary Experiment to Assess Biometric, Eco-Physiological and Nutraceutical Parameters

“…Brillante et al [56] reported that pinolene treatment on grapes caused a decrease in sugar content and anthocyanin level compared to control. In addition, recent studies on Vitis Vinifera showed that treatments with kaolin have highlighted positive effects on reducing canopy temperatures, enhancing the accumulation of anthocyanins [57].…”

Effects of Siliceous Natural Nanomaterials Applied in Combination with Foliar Fertilizers on Physiology, Yield and Fruit Quality of the Apricot and Peach Trees

“…Italian natural chabazite-rich zeolite was reported to have no influence on photosynthesis in treated leaves of olive [40] and grapevine [41]. After foliar application of Italian natural chabazite-rich zeolite, improved olive or raisin quality was reported for olive trees [40] and grapevine [41]. Therefore, the effects of foliar application of the selected SNNMs, natural zeolites and DE, on fruit tree leaves are still scarce and contradictory and need further investigation.…”

“…Application of another siliceous nanomaterial, kaolin, as a reflective anti-transpirant [33] and a photosynthesis and gas-exchange promotor [34] enhances photosynthesis in sweet orange [35], red grapefruit [36], olive [34] and grape [37]. Photosynthesis inhibition was noted after kaolin dusting on tomatoes, apples [38], hazelnut and walnut [39], olives [40] and grapevine [41]. Italian natural chabazite-rich zeolite was reported to have no influence on photosynthesis in treated leaves of olive [40] and grapevine [41].…”

“…Italian natural chabazite-rich zeolite was reported to have no influence on photosynthesis in treated leaves of olive [40] and grapevine [41]. After foliar application of Italian natural chabazite-rich zeolite, improved olive or raisin quality was reported for olive trees [40] and grapevine [41].…”

Missing Links in Predicting Berry Sunburn in Future Vineyards

“…Then again, elevated CO 2 (eCO 2 ), one driver of climate change, may change bunch architecture (i.e., longer bunches), which might affect sun exposure, and increase growth of secondary lateral shoots, but periods of high temperatures may weaken this effect (Wohlfahrt et al, 2018). Obviously, both statements neglect effects of adapted management practices (Stoll et al, 2010;Zheng et al, 2017;Gatti et al, 2018;Valentini et al, 2018Valentini et al, , 2021Bei et al, 2019;Lavado et al, 2019;Hunter et al, 2020;Gutiérrez-Gamboa et al, 2021;Martinez De Toda, 2021;Naulleau et al, 2021;Schäfer et al, 2021) and other limiting factors like reduced soil water availability (Lopes et al, 2018). Thus, eCO 2 might reduce sunburn risks in the later season because of shading berries by increased lateral leaf area, but high temperatures might attenuate the positive effect.…”