Application of LA-ICP-MS to process mineralogy: Gallium and germanium recovery at Kipushi copper-zinc deposit

Kelvin, Michelle; Whiteman, Elizabeth Fuller; Petrus, Joseph A.; Leybourne, Matthew I.; Nkuna, V.L.

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107322

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…7 The Raman spectrum is split into two fundamental modes: the longitudinal optical (LO) mode at ∼349 cm −1 (the vibrations are parallel to the exciting light) and the transverse optical (TO) mode at ∼273 cm −1 (perpendicular vibrations). 7,10,11 In terms of atom bonding, the LO mode (349 cm −1 ) was assigned to the Zn-S vibration, [7][8][9][10] while the Raman lines at 298 cm −1 were assigned to the Fe─S vibration mode, both cations being in tetrahedral coordination. 21 If the LO mode is the fundamental vibration of M─S bonds, one notices that the former shifts to wavenumbers that are lower when M═Fe and higher when M═Zn.…”

Section: Information From Xrd and Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first series of the method involves the dissolution of the mineral under high temperature or high‐pressure conditions, which is followed by the quantification of the target element's content based on its concentration in the resulting liquid phase. Prominent techniques of this category include chemical titration, 6 atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 7 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), 8 and inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometer (ICP‐OES) 9 . The second series of methods relies on discerning the characteristic spectral lines generated by internal electronic transitions induced by absorbed radiation energy, which facilitates direct and swift identification of the target element content in the mineral.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most previous studies have only used two or three methods to determine Fe or Zn contents in natural sphalerite, while rarely considering secondary pollution or damage to human health caused by different analysis methods 14 . For example, the chemical titration, AAS, ICP‐MS, and ICP‐OES methods entail the dissolution of the mineral in strongly acidic solutions, such as HNO 3 or HCl 8,9 . Notably, colored indicators, such as xylenol orange and toxic heavy metals of copper sulfate, are added to the sample during chemical titration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prominent techniques of this category include chemical titration, 6 atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), 7 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 8 and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). 9 The second series of methods relies on discerning the characteristic spectral lines generated by internal electronic transitions induced by absorbed radiation energy, which facilitates direct and swift identification of the target element content in the mineral. Prominent techniques of this category include Raman spectroscopy, 10 scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), 11 X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), 12 and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 For example, the chemical titration, AAS, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES methods entail the dissolution of the mineral in strongly acidic solutions, such as HNO 3 or HCl. 8,9 Notably, colored indicators, such as xylenol orange and toxic heavy metals of copper sulfate, are added to the sample during chemical titration. This analytical process is widely used by companies as a national standard method, 15 leading to severe organic and heavy metal pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new method to determine composition of sphalerite without secondary pollution based on CIELAB color space

Liu,

Duan,

Jiang

et al. 2023

SusMat

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Currently, most of the methods for mineral materials analysis generate secondary pollution, which is detrimental to human health. For instance, traditional methods for sphalerite analysis in the zinc (Zn) smelting industry including chemical titration, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled atomic emission spectroscopy. Colored indicators and toxic heavy metals are used in the analytical processes, causing severe pollution. For some methods, liquid is transformed into gaseous plasma, which is more dangerous to human health. Due to large quantities of sphalerite being used, secondary pollution cannot be ignored. This study proposes a green analysis method for the detection of sphalerite based on colorimetry, which does not generate secondary pollution. The results show that the strong substitution ability of iron (Fe) for Zn contributes to their inverse correlation in contents. The lattice parameters decrease with the increasing Fe content, resulting in a darker coloration. Here, key colorimetry parameters of L*, a*, and b* show clear linear correlations with the Zn and Fe contents. Compared with traditional approaches, this new method is environmental friendly with high sensitivity and accuracy. The relative error and relative standard deviation were less than 10% and 5%, respectively. This study provides a significant reference for nonpollution determination of other mineral materials.

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Section: Information From Xrd and Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A new method to determine composition of sphalerite without secondary pollution based on CIELAB color space

Liu,

Duan,

Jiang

et al. 2023

SusMat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry

Khudhur,

Divers,

Wildman

et al. 2024

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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CO2 mineralization in slag has been widely investigated as a potential solution for offsetting steelmaking industry emissions. However, it can be associated with ecotoxic elements release (e.g., V and Cr). The presence of such elements in heterogenous slag at the micro‐scale remains difficult for analysis since microstructural features can be missed during microscopy data inspection, thereby presenting a challenge in understanding how ecotoxic elements exist in slag. Here, an unsupervised machine learning‐based technique is used to analyze slag's microstructural features. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data are analyzed through Hierarchical Density‐Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) method. Results show that passive CO2 mineralization has occurred in situ in the studied samples, on the surface, and within their pores. Additionally, V and Cr regions with equivalent diameters < 42 µm can exist within slag, potentially making such elements prone to mobilization due to slag pulverization. Interrogation of the samples with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA‐ICP‐MS) confirms the distribution of the elements obtained from the clustering algorithm and further demonstrates that up to 84 and 9 ppm of V and Cr are incorporated in the precipitated calcite, respectively. This implies that ecotoxic elements may be immobilized through calcite precipitation.

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Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite chemistry in stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) metallogenic districts: trace element characteristics and factors controlling polymetallic mineralization

Bertrandsson Erlandsson,

Foltyn,

Muchez

et al. 2024

Miner Deposita

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Stratiform sediment-hosted Cu deposits are significant global sources of Cu and other important metals. The Polish Kupferschiefer produces Ag, Au, Pb, Ni, Se, and Re as by-products, whereas Co is one the of most important metals in the stratiform sediment-hosted Cu-Co deposits of the Central African Copperbelt and the Namibian Dolostone Ore Formation deposit. This study combines new and published laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry sulfide trace element data from these stratiform sediment-hosted copper districts. All the investigated districts exhibit sulfides occurring as disseminations and within later veins. Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite trace element contents vary significantly between the metallogenic districts as well as between different ore stages. Random Forest discriminates the stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) districts based on trace element geochemistry. High Ag and Tl in chalcopyrite is attributed to the Polish Kupferschiefer, Ga and Ge to the Katanga Copperbelt, and Zn and In to the Dolostone Ore Formation deposit. Sphalerite from the Polish Kupferschiefer and the Dolostone Ore Formation deposit can be distinguished on the basis of the Fe and Cd contents. Cobalt and As are significantly elevated in pyrite from the Katanga Copperbelt and Mn in pyrite from the Dolostone Ore Formation deposit. The trace element contents also show that the stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) deposit sulfide data cluster separately from other deposit types. The variation in sulfide trace element contents between the three investigated stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) districts suggests that sulfide chemistry is related to the geology of the host basin and the nature of the underlying basement, which includes preexisting ore occurrences.

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Application of LA-ICP-MS to process mineralogy: Gallium and germanium recovery at Kipushi copper-zinc deposit

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

A new method to determine composition of sphalerite without secondary pollution based on CIELAB color space

A new method to determine composition of sphalerite without secondary pollution based on CIELAB color space

Interrogation of Ecotoxic Elements Distribution in Slag and Precipitated Calcite through a Machine Learning‐Based Approach Aided by Mass Spectrometry

Chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and pyrite chemistry in stratiform sediment-hosted Cu(-Co) metallogenic districts: trace element characteristics and factors controlling polymetallic mineralization

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