Application of lactic acid derived from food waste on pathogen inactivation in fecal sludge: a review on the alternative use of food waste

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Food waste generation and disposal have led to several environmental problems, especially in developing countries. This phenomenon is partly because most cities rapidly urbanize, which results in population increase, urban settlement and waste generation. Improper management of waste has continued to create environmental problems. These problems have indeed interfered with the inadequate measures in managing other organic waste such as food waste. Food waste can be fermented and used for pathogen inactivation in fecal sludge (FS). The continual decrease in global crop production due to soil erosion, nutrient runoff and loss of organic matter has generated interest in using FS for soil amendment. However, due to the high number of pathogens in FS that are harmful to humans, FS must be treated before being used in agriculture. Thus, given the high amounts of food waste generated globally and the lactic acid potential of fermented food waste, several researchers have recently proposed the use of fermented food waste to suppress pathogens in FS. This review presents the various approaches in pathogen inactivation in FS using different types of food waste. On the basis of the literature review, the major problems associated with the generation, collection and application of food waste in pathogen inactivation in FS are discussed. Moreover, the trends and challenges that concern the applicability of each method are critically reviewed.</jats:p>

On the Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Enhanced Bioethanol Yields from Starchy Biowaste via Yeast Co-Cultures

“…Lately, great attention has been paid to the exploitation of FW that are discharged from households, restaurants, and food processing factories as fermentation substrates due to their abundancy, efficient bioconversion [5], but also because such an exploitation constitutes an eco-friendly process that may contribute greatly to greenhouse gas emissions savings and the concept of a circular economy [25]. Waste-rice comprises a considerable part of resultant waste throughout the globe and as such is worth investigating its potential use as fermentative feedstock [26][27][28]. On the other hand, bioethanol, as a main constituent of the current and future bioenergy, is a very important end product that can be generated from the fermentation of various biowastes [2,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Fecal Sludge Recycling to Useful Products: Environmental Concerns, Viability and Potential

“…To sum it all, 650 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, 800 million Indians and generally, one-third of the world lacks proper sanitation (Barani et al, 2018;Mukherjee & Chakraborty, 2016). Globally, 2.7-3.4 billion people in poor communities (especially Southeast Asia) relied on pit latrines or unsewered sanitation systems which causes the most pollution among all toilet systems as pathogens may percolate into the groundwater (Hafford et al, 2019;Harper et al, 2018Harper et al, , 2020Odey et al, 2019). Sklar et al (2019) and Zewde et al (2021) estimated a rise in sewered systems, septic tank or pit latrines use to 4.9-5 billion people by 2030.…”

“…Also, the absence of enough electric vehicle charging station in Bangladesh can be resolved by generating electricity through biogas for electric vehicles charging by employing MSW and HE (Alam et al, 2021). Limited adoption of the biogas system for treating FS will be a thing of the past, if a viable market and business models along the FS management service chain right from toilet provision to emptying/collection and transport to treatment and reuse are developed (Andriessen et al, 2023;Blackett et al, 2014;Harper et al, 2018;Odey et al, 2019). The model must therefore encompass, septage collection vehicle and safety equipment to protect against poisonous gas formation/exposure during clearance as well as a legal enforcement of operating guidelines of septage collection to address overflow and leakages which pollutes the environment (Pasi, 2022).…”

“…It will also reduce cost budgeted for other energy source like natural gas for cooking and electricity bill from town supply power outpost. In West Africa where specific quantity of FS generated is not properly documented, demand for FS management services will be difficult to predict (Odey et al, 2019). Nevertheless, putting in place a scheduled pit or septage tank emptying system (Peal et al, 2014) will provide researchers and potential business entrepreneurs with reliable data to make adequate use of the waste product.…”

Rapid elimination of foodborne and environmental fungal contaminants by benzo analogs

“…Various sanitation technologies have been introduced to the disinfection process, such as exposure to ultraviolet (UV)/ozone, ultrasounds, membrane filtration, chemicals (e.g., lactic acid), etc. [3][4][5] While thermal treatment is also one of the important methods to prevent microbial contamination during food or crop production, 6,7 this technology is cost-intensive, and could negatively affect qualities of crops or food products such as nutrition values and textures. 8 The development of new, cost-effective disinfection methods or substances, which can achieve early intervention of fungal contamination in food products or crops, is therefore needed.…”