Application of laser spectroscopy for measurement of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer

Skeldon, K. D.; McMillan, Lesley C; Wyse, Cathy; Monk, Stephen; Gibson, Graham M.; Patterson, C; Longbottom, Christopher; Padgett, Miles J.

doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2005.05.006

Cited by 67 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Laser optic methods, arrays of nano-and mesowire sensors, and bioelectronic noses based on mammalian olfactory receptors in immobilised nanosomes represent the new generation of electronic noses for detection and discrimination of volatiles that may also be used in breath research [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. [10].…”

Section: Exhaled Monoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

et al. 2009

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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Results of therapeutic interventions are particularly discouraging when the disease is discovered in an advanced stage. Early diagnosis is limited by the fact that the disease usually develops asymptomatically and available screening methods do not fulfil the requirements for reliable discrimination between patients with lung cancer and subjects not suffering from the disease. Breath sampling is completely noninvasive and provides a potentially useful approach to screening lung cancer. Exhaled biomarkers contain both volatile and nonvolatile molecules. The profile of volatile organic compounds is different in patients with lung cancer than in control subjects. In exhaled breath condensate, the proteomic profile of breath from cancer patients differs from that of healthy smokers. We reviewed the scientific evidence demonstrating that a unique chemical signature can be detected in the breath of patients with lung cancer and that the exhaled breath biomarker profile could aid clinical decision making.KEYWORDS: Biomarker, electronic nose, exhaled breath, exhaled breath condensate, lung cancer, smell L ung cancer is the leading cause of global cancer death in both males and females. According to the most recent projection of global mortality, by 2030 it will emerge as the third and the fifth leading cause of death in highand middle-income countries, respectively [1,2]. Figures on disease outcome measures are very discouraging as even with the most advanced treatment strategies ,86% of lung cancer patients die within 5 yrs of diagnosis. With early detection and treatment, however, the 5-yr survival rate improves dramatically from 20% in patients with stage III lung cancer to 70% in patients with stage I disease [3]. Researchers, therefore, have sought out screening tests to detect lung cancer in the earliest stages and several promising new approaches have been proposed for this purpose, such as computer-assisted image analysis of chest radiographs, spiral computed tomography (CT) scanning, PCR-based assays of sputum and fluorescence bronchoscopy [4][5][6][7].Breath chemical tests have a broad spectrum of applications ranging from the US Food and Drug Administration-approved exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) measurement to monitor the effect of anti-inflammatory treatment in asthma, to volatile organic compound (VOC) determination and nonvolatile biomarker profiling in the cooled breath sample called exhaled breath condensate (EBC) [8][9][10][11]. Being completely noninvasive, sampling of the breath allows clinicians and researchers to assess different body functions in a flexible manner. Breath collection can be performed even in very severe patients and also repeated within short intervals. Therefore, breath testing is considered to be a potentially ideal candidate for screening purposes. Besides widely known constituents such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, inert gases and water vapour, exhaled breath also consists of thousands of volatile and nonv...

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Section: Exhaled Monoxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

et al. 2009

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“…3 These lasers are also used to detect nitric oxide for diagnosing asthma 4 . Finally, both quantum cascade and lead salt lasers have been used to detect ethane which is produced in lipid peroxidation and by some forms of cancer 12,13,14 . While all of these systems provide robust and highly sensitive detections of their analyte molecules, many operate in relatively narrow spectral regions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis

et al. 2008

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“…Perifocal inflammation occurs around the tumour; asthma is recognised as an aninflammatory disease with predominant eosinophil involvement; COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease of small airways and lung parenchyma; and pneumonia is an inflammatory disease with massive neutrophils involvement. During the inflammatory process, oxidative burst occurs in leukocytes resulting in peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and production of alkanes such as ethane and pentane and methylated alkanes (Risby et al, 1999;Skeldon et al, 2006). In cancer cells, due to activation of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mixed oxydase enzymes the degradation of volatile alkanes and methylated alkanes is enhanced, which is reflected in a somewhat different spectrum of odour sensor response (Watanabe, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaled Air Analysis in Patients with Different Lung Diseases Using Artificial Odour Sensors

Taivāns¹,

Jurka²,

Balode³

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.

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Exhaled Air Analysis in Patients with Different Lung Diseases Using Artificial Odour Sensors Sniffing breath to diagnose a disease has been practiced by doctors since ancient times. Nowadays, electronic noses are successfully used in the food, textile and perfume industry as well as for air pollution control. The aim of this study was to test whether exhaled breath analysed by an artificial nose could identify and discriminate between different lung diseases. A total of 76 individuals were tested: 25 bronchial asthma, 19 lung cancer, 10 pneumonia, 6 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and 16 healthy volunteers. Exhaled air was collected in plastic bags and immediately analysed using an electronic nose instrument (9185, Nordic Sensors AB) containing 14 different odour sensors. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to determine correlation between the amplitudes of sensor responses and the clinical diagnoses of patients and to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the method for each diagnosis. For diagnostics of asthma the sensitivity was found to be 84% and specificity — 86%. For lung cancer, the sensitivity was 74% and specificity, 95%; for pneumonia 90% and 98%, but for COPD, 33% and 97%, respectively. We conclude that an artificial nose is able to discriminate among different lung diseases with sufficiently good accuracy. This method may be further developed to implement it in clinical medicine for express diagnostics of acute and chronic lung diseases.

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Application of laser spectroscopy for measurement of exhaled ethane in patients with lung cancer

Cited by 67 publications

References 20 publications

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

Exhaled biomarkers in lung cancer

Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy: application to human breath analysis

Exhaled Air Analysis in Patients with Different Lung Diseases Using Artificial Odour Sensors

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