Application of lightweight aggregate and rice husk ash to incorporate phase change materials into cementitious materials

Phase Change Materials for Energy Efficiency in Buildings and Their Use in Mortars

“…In the examined literature, paraffin compounds [65,70,73,74,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,95,97,100,102,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128] are the most used PCM in mortars. Furthermore, higher hydrocarbons (like octadecane [72,94,101,129,130,131,132], hexadecane [98], or heptadecane [71]), fatty acids or their mixtures [99,106,133,134], and polyethylene glycols [64,96,135] have been extensively examined for these applications.…”

“…The incorporation of PCM has been mostly performed by their addition in microcapsule form; their composition, when detailed, is generally based on polymethylmethacrylate or melamine–formaldehyde [67,70,71,72,74,76,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,102,117,121]. Their application through the form- or shape-stabilization methods is increasing [64,96,123,126,127,130,132,133], with perlite [90,106,122,124,125,134] and graphite [94,98,99,100,101] mainly employed as supports.…”

“…The use of lightweight aggregates (LWAs) as a support for the PCM can reduce the interferences with the hydration reactions [123,126] as well as the leakage of PCM from the composite [122]. Furthermore, the addition of fiber and/or gypsum has been found to be a good solution to solve problems related to cracking caused by the incorporation of microcapsules in lime-based mortars [78,79,80,81,82].…”

Thermal and mechanical properties of PCM-incorporated normal and lightweight concretes containing silica fume

“…Since silica fume has finer particles compared to cement, it better fills the micro-pores in the structure of the bulk cement paste. On the other hand, the finer particles of silica fume cause a denser and thinner interfacial transition zone around the aggregates (Sharifi, Jafferji et al 2016). Both of these reduce the porosity of the mix, and therefore the water absorption of concrete will be reduced when silica fume is incorporated in that.…”

“…This suppresses the production of the C-S-H phase that is the main strengthbearing phase in concrete, and thus decreases the compressive strength of that (Sharifi and Sakulich 2015). Therefore, various carriers such as Lightweight Aggregate (LWA) (Sakulich and Bentz 2012), rice husk ash (Sharifi, Jafferji et al 2016), and high density polyethylene balls (Tyagi, Pandey et al 2014), have been proposed to incorporate PCMs into cementitious materials (Sharifi, Sakulich et al 2013). However, the compressive strength of concrete will be decreased when LWA presoaked in PCM is incorporated in that (Sakulich and Bentz 2012).…”