Application of lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃) films as light sensor to monitor the light status in the Arduino Uno based energy-saving automatic light prototype and passive infrared sensor

Introductory Chapter: Ferroelectrics Material and Their Applications

“…Barium titanate and barium strontium titanate are the most well known [2][3][4]. Several others include tantalum oxide, lead zirconium titanate, gallium nitride, lithium tantalate, aluminium, copper oxide and lithium niobate [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…When researchers are growing ferroelectric thin films, they have used various concentrations, starting from 0.25 to 2.5 mole [7,23,[25][26][27][28]. Researchers applied the chemical solutions of various substrates: the most often is p-type silicone [3,11]. n-Type silicone, transparent conductive oxide substrate and corning glass are also known to be used as ferroelectric substrates [2,[24][25][26].…”

“…n-Type silicone, transparent conductive oxide substrate and corning glass are also known to be used as ferroelectric substrates [2,[24][25][26]. We ourselves have prepared our ferroelectric materials mostly using chemical solution deposition methods and coupled with spin-coating methods, usually for 30 s, with rotational speed of 2000-8000 rpm [3,4,6,7,11,18,19,23,27,29]. Other preparation methods researchers have used include pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLAD), DC magnetron unbalanced magnetron sputtering (DC UBMS), solid solution methods, plasma-assisted metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (PAMOCVD) and sol-gel method [2,9,14,27,30,31].…”

“…With those measurement devices, researchers could observe the ferroelectric electrical characteristics such as voltage responsivity, electrical insulation/conductivity, energy gap, ellipsometric measurement, value range, accuracy level, sensitivity, hysteresis, dielectric constant, time constant and dielectric loss [2,3,6,7,10,11,18,20,36]. The researchers have also measure physical characteristics such as gravimetric calculation, depth measurement, resolution, surface roughness, structural properties and functional groups [4,10,23,36].…”

“…The development of the next sensor leads to the sensor connection process to the smartphone or tablet, or connection with the web or cloud storage [40]. So far, we have implemented our ferroelectric technology as automatic switch sensor, infrared sensor, light sensor and temperature sensor, as well as solar or photovoltaic cells, which made for IPB satellite design [5,7,11,18,19,27,32,36]. There is still a blue ocean of ferroelectric applications yet to be elaborated.…”