Application of low-power wide-area network GPS to koala monitoring

Richardson, Allie; FitzGibbon, Sean; Barth, B. J.; Gillett, Amber; Ellis, William

doi:10.1071/am21001

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This is because they offer a good balance of coverage and accuracy in comparison to other wireless technologies such as infrared or ultrasonic-based localization systems [32]. Examples on RF-based navigation technologies include: Wi-Fi [62], [63], [66], Bluetooth [46], [47], [49], [68], ZigBee [48], [50], UWB [65], GNSS [51]- [69], [108], [109], and LPWANs [38]- [44], [46], [69]- [71], [110] RF localization methods often leverage wireless network infrastructure that is initially deployed for communication purposes (e.g., LPWANs, Wi-Fi). They translate signal characteristics such as RSS and Time of Flight (ToF) and combine these estimates to determine the location of a wireless device or object.…”

Section: Localization Technologies and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cloud computing minimizes the energy consumption by the devices by taking away one of the most power-hungry activities, i.e., data process, to determine the user position in the cloud, where sufficient energy, processing power, and clock and ephemeris data are available in virtual unlimited quantity. For example, under GNSS technology, authors [51]- [53], [55], [56], [58]- [60], [62], [64]- [69], [108], [109] designed systems that send GNSS coordinates (PVT) to the cloud for user access and other authors [54], [57], [61], [63] further reduce the power consumption by sending the raw measurements (snapshots) to the cloud for the PVT determination. The cloud-based method also decreases the localization latency by providing storage, computational, and processing power.…”

Section: D) Location Update Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LoRaWAN data rate is between 300bps and 50kbps, depending on the spreading factor and channel bandwidth [21], [73]. The authors in [38]- [44], [49], [52], [54]- [56], [58], [59], [65], [67]- [71], [109], [110] used LoRaWAN as a communication network representing 64% of all the studies in this review. For example, [49] 3) WLAN (Wi-Fi) Communication Technologies…”

Section: A) Sigfoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though the authors who used custom devices had an opportunity to redesign and meet the targeted points as identified from different mounting points adopted, only 26% mentioned their mounting points. The most common mounting points for commercial devices were hands [62], [66], pockets [70], bracelets [46], and clothes [47], [64], but in addition to these mounting points, the authors who used custom devices explored different points like a collar [44], [48], [49], [58], animal ear [109] and walking sticks [38]. Not knowing the mounting points makes the adoption of these systems challenging, especially with the group of people and environment being dealt with.…”

Section: ) Mounting Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though their study was done on animals, size, and weight have a similar constraint on the choice of tracking application to adapt for pedestrians as well. The authors in [61], [109] designed small, lightweight, low-power electronic tracking tags of 2.6g and 30g total weights, respectively, which is far less than the average weight of a smartphone today. On average, a phone weighs around 200g.…”

Section: ) Size and Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Pedestrian Localization Systems for Resource-Constrained Environments: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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The steady increase in the number of elderly citizens represents a likelihood of an increased burden on the family, government, healthcare, and social services since many of these elderly people cannot live independently without assistance from a caregiver. As such, there is an increase in demand for services in terms of technologies to address the urgent needs of the aging population. Remote monitoring, which is based on non-invasive, non-intrusive, and wearable sensors, actuators, and communication and information technologies, offers efficient solutions that bridge the gaps between healthcare and where elderly people really want to live every day. The rate at which such platforms have been adopted is extremely low in lowdeveloped countries and rural areas, one of the main reasons being the lack or scarcity of some resources that these systems take for granted. In other words, these systems are designed for developed countries but are very much needed in resource-constrained environments as well. This study provides an in-depth, stateof-the-art systematic review of the current outdoor remote pedestrian localization systems to identify their suitability for resource-constrained environments. After checking 35 survey papers from the last ten years to the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey that investigates the suitability of existing pedestrian localization systems for a resource-constrained environment. This study is based on PRISMA guidelines to provide a replicable work and report the studies' main findings. A total of 37 works published between 2012, and January 2023 have been identified, analyzed, and key information that described the devices and tools used, communication technologies, position estimate technologies, methods, techniques and algorithms, and resource optimization strategies currently used by the localization systems was extracted to help us answer our question. The results indicate they are not fit for a resource-constrained environment as most assume the availability of infrastructures such as Wi-Fi, Internet, cellular networks, and digital literacy, among others, for their systems to operate properly, which are limited or not available in the resource-constrained environment described in this review.

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Section: Localization Technologies and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: D) Location Update Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A) Sigfoxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Mounting Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Size and Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Remote Pedestrian Localization Systems for Resource-Constrained Environments: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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A Computer Vision Enhanced IoT System for Koala Monitoring and Recognition

Trevathan,

Tan,

Xing

et al. 2024

Internet of Things

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A case report assessing the utility of a low-cost tracking GPS device for monitoring terrestrial mammal movements

Moore,

Beaman,

Brice

et al. 2023

Anim Biotelemetry

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Background Accurate data on animal movements can highlight behavioural and ecological issues, such as territorial interactions, barriers to migration patterns, including compromised movement corridors, or avoidance of deteriorating habitats, and disease transmission, thus helping in conservation decision making. This study examines the utility of mOOvement global positioning system (GPS) tags, a low-cost cattle ear tag tracking device to monitor movements of terrestrial mammal populations in South Australia. Results Stationary tags (n = 40) were used to test horizontal accuracy with a median location error of 33.26 m (IQR = 16.9–59.4), and maximum recorded error of 410 m. The locational accuracy was weakly influenced by the horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP), a measure of satellite availability and geometry, and overhead canopy cover. Numerous tags produced infrequent and inconsistent readings, median of 12 records per day (IQR = 6–12), correlating negatively with the tag’s distance from the centrally located LoRa antenna; however, some tags recorded fewer than one position per day. Conclusions We propose that the primary cause of mOOvement tag inadequacy is the use of only the GPS satellite constellation (USA, 1978), which does not provide adequate coverage in either satellite number or geometry in the sky at the − 35° latitude to calculate accurate positions regularly over 24 h, unlike the multiple constellations available in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). We conclude that GPS tags are unsuitable for studies requiring high locational accuracy or identification of an individual’s social interactions, where the GPS constellation has a limited number of satellites available during prolonged periods. They can, however, be used to provide estimates of home range size or track large scale daily movements of animals in more equatorially located regions.

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Application of low-power wide-area network GPS to koala monitoring

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Remote Pedestrian Localization Systems for Resource-Constrained Environments: A Systematic Review

Remote Pedestrian Localization Systems for Resource-Constrained Environments: A Systematic Review

A Computer Vision Enhanced IoT System for Koala Monitoring and Recognition

A case report assessing the utility of a low-cost tracking GPS device for monitoring terrestrial mammal movements

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