Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

Cristanziano, Di; Timmen-Wego, Monika; Lübke, Nadine; Kaiser, Rolf; Pfister, Herbert; D, Di Cave; Berrilli, Federica; Kaboré, Yolande

doi:10.3855/jidc.6460

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…positive samples were screened for the presence of common pathogens. The total nucleic acids were extracted as previously described [26]. For each specimen, the molecular diagnostic xTAG GPP Luminex assay (Luminex Molecular Diagnostics, Toronto, Canada), including adenovirus types 40/41, norovirus genogroup I and II (GI/GII), group A rotavirus, Campylobacter spp ., Clostridium difficile toxin A/B, Escherichia coli O157, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) LT/ST, Salmonella spp ., Shiga-like toxin producing E .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infections in HIV positive compared to HIV negative adults in Ghana

et al. 2019

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Background Sub-Saharan Africa is endemic for intestinal parasites and distinguished for the largest burden of HIV cases. Blastocystis sp. is one of the most common protists infecting humans but its role in human disease is still controversial. Aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in HIV positive and negative adults in Ghana and its association with immune status and other risk factors. Methods 122 HIV positive outpatients and 70 HIV negative blood donors from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, were included in the present study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected and HIV positive patients distinguished for CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/μl (n = 54) and >200 cells/μl (n = 68). A Blastocystis ’s phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine sample subtype (ST). Results The prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in adult HIV positive individuals was lower than in HIV negative persons (6.6% vs. 20.0%, p = 0.008) and Blastocystis sp. ST1 was the most prevalent strain. Within HIV positive participants, the prevalence of Blastocystis sp. was lower in those individuals with CD4+ T cell count <200 cells/μl than in patients with higher CD4+ T cell count (1.9% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.076). Multiple regression analysis revealed that Blastocystis sp. was inversely associated with an obese Body Mass Index (BMI) in HIV negative persons (p = 0.040). Presence of Blastocystis sp. was correlated with higher CD4+ T cell count in HIV positive participants (p = 0.049). Conclusion It is largely reported that people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Africa are affected from parasite infections and that co-infections may adversely impact on their immune status, accelerating progress to AIDS and worsening gastrointestinal manifestations. Differently, in this study Blastocystis sp. was associated with a better immune status jointly with a healthy body weight while it seems to be reduced with the progression of HIV infection. This data agree with recent suggestions that Blastocystis sp. can represent a component of the healthy gut microbiota.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infections in HIV positive compared to HIV negative adults in Ghana

et al. 2019

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“…Countries are identified by two-letter International Organization for Standardization (ISO) codes, and the study references are indicated in brackets. AO, Angola [23]; BD, Bangladesh [28,29,37,38,39]; BO, Bolivia [40]; BT, Bhutan [41,42]; BF, Burkina Faso [20,27,43]; CI, Cote d’Ivoire [44]; CM, Cameroon [26]; KH, Cambodia [45]; EG, Egypt [46]; ET, Ethiopia [47,48]; GE, Georgia* [49]; GH, Ghana [50,51]; IN, India [52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]; ID, Indonesia [66,67]; KE, Kenya [68]; MG, Madagascar [69]; MA, Morocco [70,71]; MW, Malawi [72,73]; MD, Republic of Moldova* [49]; NP, Nepal [22,74]; NG, Nigeria [75,76]; NI, Nicaragua [21,77]; PG, Papua New Guinea [78]; PK, Pakistan [79,80]; RW, Rwanda [81]; SD, Sudan [82]; TZ, Tanzania [83,84,85]; TN, Tunisia [86,87,88]; UA, Ukraine...…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-Middle- and Low-Income Countries, 1997–2018

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Noroviruses are a major cause of viral gastroenteritis. The burden of the norovirus in lowresourcesettings is not well‐established due to limited data. This study reviews the norovirusprevalence, epidemiology, and genotype diversity in lower‐middle‐income countries (LMIC) andin low‐income countries (LIC). PubMed was searched up to 14 January 2019 for norovirus studiesfrom all LIC and LMIC (World Bank Classification). Studies that tested gastroenteritis cases and/orasymptomatic controls for norovirus by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR)were included. Sixty‐four studies, the majority on children <5 years of age, were identified, and 14%(95% confidence interval; CI 14–15, 5158/36,288) of the gastroenteritis patients and 8% (95% CI 7–9,423/5310) of healthy controls tested positive for norovirus. In LMIC, norovirus was detected in 15%(95% CI 15–16) of cases and 8% (95% CI 8–10) of healthy controls. In LIC, 11% (95% CI 10–12) ofsymptomatic cases and 9% (95% CI 8–10) of asymptomatic controls were norovirus positive.Norovirus genogroup II predominated overall. GII.4 was the predominant genotype in all settings,followed by GII.3 and GII.6. The most prevalent GI strain was GI.3. Norovirus causes a significantamount of gastroenteritis in low‐resource countries, albeit with high levels of asymptomaticinfection in LIC and a high prevalence of coinfections

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“…There is a growing concern of asymptomatic colonization of enteropathogens in the gut of the children in the endemic countries because of its impact on longitudinal public health issues, such as growth faltering, oral vaccine low efficacy and poor neurocognitive development through environmental enteropathy/environmental enteric dysfunction [ 24 ]. Asymptomatic ETEC infections are common in endemic countries and may impact the intestinal health as well as long-term developmental potential in the children in these areas [ 4 , 25 ]. This low dose CHIM model of ETEC may serve as a tool to decipher these critical interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of lower challenge doses of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on clinical outcome, intestinal colonization and immune responses in adult volunteers

et al. 2018

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A reliable and effective human challenge model is needed to help down-select the most promising ETEC vaccines currently under development. Such a model would need to reliably induce diarrhea in a high proportion of volunteers using the lowest possible inoculum to maximize safety and sensitivity. Previously we validated a challenge model that utilized a dose of 2x107 CFU of ETEC strain H10407 (LT+, ST+, CFA/I+ and O78+) to induce attack rates for moderate to severe diarrhea (MSD) of ~60–70%. Here we detail efforts to further refine the model in an attempt to determine if a lower challenge dose of H10407 can be used. Thirty subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive an oral administration of H10407 at doses of 106 or 105 CFU in bicarbonate buffer. After challenge, subjects were monitored for signs and symptoms of enteric illness and stool samples were collected to detect shedding of the challenge strain. Systemic and mucosal immune responses were measured using serum, antibody in lymphocyte supernatant and fecal samples. The attack rate was 13.3% (2/15) and 26.7% (4/15) for MSD in the 105 and 106 groups, respectively. Four MSD cases met criteria for early antibiotic treatment. All subjects but one shed the challenge strain in fecal samples. The frequency and magnitude of anti-LT toxin, CFA/I and LPS O78 immune responses were antigen, dose, severity of diarrhea and shedding levels dependent. Notably, although of lower magnitude, there were considerable immune responses in the subjects with no diarrhea. This may indicate that immune responses to asymptomatic infections of ETEC in children in the endemic countries may contribute to protection. Based on this and our prior studies, we conclude that a dose of 2x107 H10407 remains the lowest practical dose for use in future volunteer studies evaluating candidate vaccines and other preventive or therapeutic ETEC interventions.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00844493.

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Application of Luminex Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel to human stool samples from Côte d’Ivoire

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Lower prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infections in HIV positive compared to HIV negative adults in Ghana

Lower prevalence of Blastocystis sp. infections in HIV positive compared to HIV negative adults in Ghana

Norovirus Infections and Disease in Lower-Middle- and Low-Income Countries, 1997–2018

Impact of lower challenge doses of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli on clinical outcome, intestinal colonization and immune responses in adult volunteers

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