“…It is a highly abstract discipline that covers many fields, such as economics, sociology, psychology, political science, etc. (Samuelson, 1947;Zheng & Liu, 2022). The concept of utility was developed in the late 18 th century by the English moral philosopher, jurist, and social reformer Jeremy Bentham (1748Bentham ( -1832 and English philosopher, political economist, Member of Parliament (MP) and civil servant John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) (Bentham, 1780).…”