Application of Microbiological Methods to Assess the Potential Impact of Produced Water Discharges

Lee, Kenneth; Cobanli, Susan E.; Robinson, Brian; Wohlgeschaffen, Gary

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0046-2_19

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability of the Pickering emulsions (10 mL/L of crude oil stabilized with 10 g/L of FeNPs) and the fouling resistance of PVA-CNT membranes were further challenged with high ionic strength conditions, using a synthetic produced water (SPW) with an ionic strength of 2.24 M. 4 This water contained the most common ions present in produced waters, including a high loading of the divalent cations Ca 2þ and Mg 2þ , with a molar concentration of 0.171 and 0.169 M, respectively. It was hypothesized that these divalent ions would lead to the complete collapse of any repulsive electrostatic forces between the NPs and oil drops, and possibly allow for bridging between the membrane surface and the Pickering emulsions, leading to rapid fouling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed procedure for calculating the forces acting on a particle separating the oil from the membrane is presented in Supplemental Section S2. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last 30 years, the demand for fossil fuels has dramatically increased, with growing demand projected to increase well into the future. , The extraction of crude oil leads to a potential for large oil spills, such as seen during the Deepwater Horizon disaster . Furthermore, modern extraction processes generate large volumes of complex oily wastewater, known as produced water, which contain oil (free and emulsified), surfactants, and minerals . The free oil and oil emulsions that are present in produced water, as well as generated during oil spills, pose a significant hazard to the environment. , This hazard has created a pressing need to develop an effective method of treatment, with the majority of recent work exploring novel materials that exhibit superhydrophobicity/superoleophilicity or superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity. − …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling Underwater Superoleophobic Membranes with Magnetic Pickering Emulsions for Fouling-Free Separation of Crude Oil/Water Mixtures: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

et al. 2015

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Oil/water separations have become an area of great interest, as growing oil extraction activities are increasing the generation of oily wastewaters as well as increasing the risk of oil spills. Here, we demonstrate a membrane-based and fouling-free oil/water separation method that couples carbon nanotube-poly(vinyl alcohol) underwater superoleophobic ultrafiltration membranes with magnetic Pickering emulsions. We demonstrate that this process is insensitive to low water temperatures, high ionic strength, or crude oil loading, while allowing operation at high permeate fluxes and producing high quality permeate. Furthermore, we develop a theoretical framework that analyzes the stability of Pickering emulsions under filtration mechanics, relating membrane surface properties and hydrodynamic conditions in the Pickering emulsion cake layer to membrane performance. Finally, we demonstrate the recovery and recyclability of the nanomagnetite used to form the Pickering emulsions through a magnetic separation step, resulting in an environmentally friendly, continuous process for oil/water separation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed procedure for calculating the forces acting on a particle separating the oil from the membrane is presented in Supplemental Section S2. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling Underwater Superoleophobic Membranes with Magnetic Pickering Emulsions for Fouling-Free Separation of Crude Oil/Water Mixtures: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

et al. 2015

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“…Oil pollution in varied scales frequently occurred in the natural environment including creeks, streams, rivers, and seas . When the spilled oil contaminates shorelines, the biodegradation of the stranded petroleum hydrocarbons becomes much slower; meanwhile, the turbulent intensity in the water body could break the oil into droplets and prompt the interaction between the suspended droplets and abiotic and biotic particles that existed in the environment. − The interaction facilitates the formation of oil–particle aggregates (OPAs), which were widely observed in many oil spill incidents. , The formed OPAs show a diversity of sizes and densities, leading to different settling and transport behaviors from the initial oil droplets. − The settled OPAs post significant threat to benthic biotas, especially in the freshwater system . The prediction of the OPA development is therefore a key factor in determining the fate of the spilled oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Breakup of Oil–Particle Aggregates in Turbulent Environments for Projectile Penetration

Liu

Lee

et al. 2023

Langmuir

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After an oil spill incident, the spilled oil slicks are observed to migrate to the shoreline area. Under the turbulent conditions, they break into small droplets and are suspended in the water column. The dispersed droplets are expected to interact with the suspended particles and form the oil–particle aggregates (OPAs), which significantly changes the transport of the oil. Instead of an earlier assumption that particles cover the oil surface, thus preventing further breakage or aggregation of OPAs, recent studies demonstrated that particles act like projectiles penetrating the oil droplets, resulting in the breakage of OPAs over a longer period of time. A model looking into the OPA breakup through two breakup mechanisms was proposed for the first time. The first method depicted the breakup of one large OPA into two daughter droplets owing to the turbulent nature, while the second method demonstrated the tear of the OPA surface layer caused by particle uprooting. The model was then calibrated by an experimental study targeting crude oil with varied viscosities, along with previous experimental investigations. Three key factors were identified accounting for the breakage of OPAs, where the increase in particle concentration in the natural environment and the increase in turbulent energy of the surrounding flows benefited the breakage of OPAs, and the increase in oil viscosity suppressed the breakage due to large resistance to shear stress. Besides these elements, the impact of the particle shape on the penetration depth was discussed. The model serves as a fundamental theory to describe the evolution of OPAs for fragmentation behavior.

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Vertical stratification of arctic microbial communities near potential hydrocarbon seepage off Cape Dyer, Nunavut

Ji,

Ortmann,

Wohlgeschaffen

et al. 2024

Polar Biol

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Climate change disproportionately affects the Arctic, where warming is up to four times greater than the global annual average experienced in southern regions. Baffin Bay in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago is an ecologically and biologically significant area that will likely experience an increase in marine vessel traffic as a result of consistent declines in annual sea ice coverage. Along the western coast of Baffin Bay is known to be a region of active, natural hydrocarbon seeps where elevated levels of methane have been detected in previous surveys. Petroleum hydrocarbons released from the seafloor can fuel microbial production and shape the baseline microbiome. Establishing a microbial baseline is highly valuable as it contributes to a fundamental understanding of the existing microbial diversity that may be impacted in the future by anthropogenic stressors. In this study, 16S and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing surveys revealed that the vertical stratification of the water column is largely driven by differences in depth, temperature, salinity, and inorganic nutrient concentrations. Chemical analysis provides further support that active petrogenic methane seepage occurs around Cape Dyer but not in areas targeted in this study. Presence of n-alkanes and toluene in association with hydrocarbon-synthesizing phytoplankton suggests biogenic production of these compounds. These findings provide a baseline for future environmental monitoring assessments to evaluate how the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiome may be impacted by ongoing climate change and anthropogenic stressors in western Baffin Bay.

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Application of Microbiological Methods to Assess the Potential Impact of Produced Water Discharges

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Coupling Underwater Superoleophobic Membranes with Magnetic Pickering Emulsions for Fouling-Free Separation of Crude Oil/Water Mixtures: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Coupling Underwater Superoleophobic Membranes with Magnetic Pickering Emulsions for Fouling-Free Separation of Crude Oil/Water Mixtures: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

Modeling the Breakup of Oil–Particle Aggregates in Turbulent Environments for Projectile Penetration

Vertical stratification of arctic microbial communities near potential hydrocarbon seepage off Cape Dyer, Nunavut

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