Application of microRNA in Human Osteoporosis and Fragility Fracture: A Systemic Review of Literatures

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) could serve as ideal entry points to the deregulated pathways in osteoporosis due to their relatively simple upstream and downstream relationships with other molecules in the signaling cascades. Our study aimed to give a comprehensive review of the already identified miRNAs in osteoporosis from human blood samples and provide useful information for their clinical application. A systematic literature search for relevant studies was conducted in the Pubmed database from inception to December 2020. We set two essential inclusion criteria: human blood sampling and design of controlled studies. We sorted the results of analysis on human blood samples according to the study settings and compiled the most promising miRNAs with analyzed diagnostic values. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo evidence for the mechanisms of the identified miRNAs was also illustrated. Based on both diagnostic value and evidence of mechanism from in vitro and in vivo experiments, miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p, miR-300, miR-155-5p, miR-208a-3p, and miR-637 were preferred candidates in diagnostic panels and as therapeutic agents. Further studies are needed to build sound foundations for the clinical usage of miRNAs in osteoporosis.

Raloxifene Ameliorates Glucosamine-Induced Insulin Resistance in Ovariectomized Rats

“…OP increases fracture risk and requires treatment to prevent subsequent comorbidities and mortality after fracture [ 19 , 22 , 25 , 26 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Knee OA leads to an increased risk of fall, which therefore increases fracture risk and required treatment [ 77 , 78 , 79 ].…”

miR-134-5p inhibits osteoclastogenesis through a novel miR-134-5p/Itgb1/MAPK pathway

“…Osteoporosis is a widely concerning disease affecting a population of approximately 200 million that interferes with the patients' quality of life and subsequently imposes burdens on their families and society (1). In pathological settings, patients with osteoporosis display an uncontrolled erosion of bone mass, a deteriorated microarchitecture, and bone fracture with an unbalanced microenvironment (2). The homeostasis of a healthy bone microenvironment is mainly maintained by osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation (3)(4)(5)(6).…”

The MicroRNAs in the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis

“…However, selecting accurate miRNA targets is crucial, and understanding the dynamics and involvement of miRNA in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis is also crucial. In Table 3 , we present collected data on miRNA analysis from patient samples with osteoporosis that are suggested for potential use in miRNA-based diagnostics and therapy published in the last four years because there are currently well-written review papers collecting data from before 2021 [ 88 , 89 , 90 ].…”