Application of Modified Tafel Analysis to the Identification of Corrosion Products on Archaeological Metals Using Voltammetry of Microparticles

Doménech, Antonio; Doménech‐Carbó, María Teresa; Pasíes, Trinidad; Bouzas, María Carmen

doi:10.1002/elan.201100577

Cited by 41 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Electrochemical methods were very popular for metal conservation for most of the XX century, but were progressively abandoned in the 1970s-1980s due to the changes in the conservation-restoration criteria [9]. However, developments in the application of electrochemical techniques in the last 20 years have made them popular again for metallic cultural heritage, as conservation treatment [10][11][12], for analytical purposes [13][14][15][16] or to evaluate the efficiency of other conservation-restoration treatments [9,[17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comparative study of cleaning methods for tarnished silver

Palomar

Barat

Garcia

et al. 2016

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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a b s t r a c tTarnishing is produced by reaction of silver with gaseous reduced sulphur compounds from atmospheric pollution. It induces the formation of Ag 2 S crystals which produce a dark appearance. To remove sulphur tarnishing, different mechanical, chemical and electrochemical methods have been traditionally used. To assess the effect of different cleaning treatments on tarnished silver, coupons of pure and sterling silver (92% Ag/8% Cu) were subjected to six cycles of induced tarnishing and cleaning. The cleaning methods evaluated were mechanical (soft abrasives and rubber point mounted on a rotary tool); chemical (chelating and acid solutions) and electrochemical (potentiostatic reductions). Surface morphology, composition, weight, color and luminosity were evaluated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and colorimetry. The cleaning impact on tarnished silver depended on the cleaning procedure and the composition of silver. Mechanical treatments restored the original visual appearance of silver although they produced a significant mass loss and a fast re-tarnishing. Chemical cleaning methods were fast; nevertheless the surface appeared completely attacked. Electrochemical cleaning did not yield good result for sterling silver, but was an effective cleaning method for pure silver coupons. Different cleaning methods have been used for many years to remove sulphur tarnishing from silver. However, scientific studies which assess the treatment's impact on silver and the re-tarnishing rate are very scarce. Costa [1] carried out a complete bibliographic study about the cleaning procedures and their applications, although the results of these different scientific works are difficult to compare since they have not been systematically evaluated in similar conditions and materials.The aim of this study is to quantitatively assess the efficiency, residues left on the metal and impact on the base metal of eleven mechanical, chemical and electrochemical cleaning methods to remove tarnishing on pure and sterling silver. To evaluate the effect in the long term, several cycles of tarnishing/cleaning are considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comparative study of cleaning methods for tarnished silver

Palomar

Barat

Garcia

et al. 2016

Journal of Cultural Heritage

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“…In short, the idea is that the initial rising portion (at the foot of the peak) of the voltammetric peaks can be approached by an exponential relationship between the current and the applied potential. Since the measured current at a given potential (and, in particular, the peak current) will depend on the amount of solid transferred onto the electrode surface, it is convenient to use the generalized current, defi ned as the current/peak current ratio, which satisfi es [105,106]:…”

Section: Composition Of Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2013 parameters can be complemented with those obtained from the Tafel analysis of voltammetric peaks [65,102,105,106], which is of particular interest for discerning between corrosion products displaying quite similar voltammetric responses [30]. In short, the idea is that the initial rising portion (at the foot of the peak) of the voltammetric peaks can be approached by an exponential relationship between the current and the applied potential.…”

Section: Composition Of Corrosion Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical analysis of metallic heritage artefacts: voltammetry of microparticles (VMP)

Doménech‐Carbó

2013

Corrosion and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Metallic Artefacts

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“…The VMP has been applied to the identification of organic and inorganic pigments, ceramic, glass and glazed materials, fibers and hybrid pigmenting systems, as summarized in extensive reviews and textbook [2,27,28]. Although VMP has been used recently to identify corrosion products in copper/bronze [29][30][31][32][33], lead [34] and silver [35], no VMP studies specifically dealing with iron corrosion products have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%